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A Memoir of the Construction, Cost, and Capacity of the Croton Aqueduct

King, Charles. A Memoir of the Construction, Cost, and Capacity of the Croton Aqueduct. New York: Charles King, 1843. 330 words

To make the capacity of the pipes for conveying water equal to that of the aqueduct, an extra fall of two feet has been given across the bridge, and the aqueduct on the southern side of the river is constructed two feet lower than the regular grade, to accommodate this arrangement. It is intended in the first place to put down pipes 3 feet in diameter, and to increase the size as the wants of the city may require. The foundations of all the land piers but two have been put down, with bearing piles to support them they are placed below high water line and 5 to 6 of the base courses ; ;

of masonry have been laid on each the remaining land pier and both abutments will ;

have a rock foundation. There are seven piers in the river,, the foundations of four of which have been laid; for two of them solid rock has been obtained at a depth below high water line of 17 feet for one, and 35 feet for the other. The pier next the northern shore has a piled foundation to prepare it, an excavation of 16 feet was made, passing ;

through the strata of mud, sand and detached rock, whence the piles could be properly driven. The piles were of oak, from 16 to 35 feet long, and driven at 2k feet apart from centre to centre. The other pier, (called No. 10 in the general series,) for which a piled foundation has been prepared, is near the centre of the river channel. The stratum of boulders lies much lower at this place, and required an excavation to be carried 30 feet below common high water line, before a suitable stratum for driving piles could be reached. When the excavation was carried to this depth, boring was made to ascertain if rock could be found for the foundation but after going down Avithout success to a depth of 70 ;