[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] With seasonal freezing and thawing in the northeastern United States, clay soils expand and contract, thus moving faunal remains horizontally and vertically. This movement abrades and wears the faunal remains causing …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] (1987) correctly emphasize the need for excavators to become aware of the importance of gathering and providing taphonomic data to zooarchaeologists. ideally, excavators of sites should provide zooarchaeologists with …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] A Survey of Disturbance Processes in Archaeological Site Formation. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, v. l, edited by M.B. Schiffer, pp. 315-380 Academic Press, Inc., Orlando. 19 Evidence of Paleo-India…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Several small feeder streams along with outlets of sediment laden, shallow, reedy swamps add to its volume. The previously mentioned two bodies of water originated from the melting of stranded blocks of ice left by th…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Figure 1. Flax Mill Creek juncture with the Batten Kill near the New York-Vermont Border. 20 Spring 1994 No. 107 direction and joins the Hoosic River just north of Eagle Bridge, New York. By 11,000 years B.P. (radioca…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] It lay in a completely reversed position from its original resting place. There is no question of the artifact's primary location as it was clearly visible 7.6 cm (3 in) into the yellowish subsoil. The soil had never …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Photograph courtesy New York State Museum. with a slight pale gray mottling. The same colored chert is also revealed by a fresh break on the deeply weathered shallow side-notched point. Redstone Mountain, 6 km (4 mi) …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] product. A marked resemblance to this point is seen in a photograph of a fluted point from Lake Champlain, Vermont (Haviland 1981:34). While the material used in manufacture of the latter point was different, there ar…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] One shows similarities to trianguloid points from the Reagan Site, a late Paleo-Indian site in Vermont (Funk and Walsh 1988:1-4; Ritchie 1953:249-258). Few similarities exist between the Putnam and Flax Mill artifacts…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] that strain from use or during its manufacture caused a 10mm break that followed this flaw, destroying part of the base, edge, and one ear. Damage from modern tillage equipment extended this fracture another 11 mm. In…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] point some distance embedded in its vitals before expiring. Perhaps the find spot was in proximity to frequently used or seasonal 22 Spring 1994 No. 107 Jersey, a puzzling single-component site that has produced artif…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Considering the radiocarbon chronology, archaeologists are in agreement that the very late Paleo-Indian tradition in the eastern United States developed into the Dalton tradition. Was the finding of the two points in …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Since a Dalton-like complex has not been conclusively established for the Northeast, Indian populations may have been relatively small at this time. (Funk 1991:9). A corrected date of 9115 B.P. (Beta-32366, ETH5671) h…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] The systematic study and reporting of all surface Paleo-Indian finds, no matter how scattered and meager, are very important. They constitute an important class of data that can provide significant information on earl…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] I wish to thank Dr. Robert E. Funk for his personal help, expertise, and constructive criticism. Additional thanks to Dr. David DeSimone of Williams College for his excellent information on the glacial geology of sout…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Power 1981 The Original Vermonters. University Press of New England, Hanover. DeSimone, D.J. 1985 The Late Woodfordian History of Southern Washington County, New York. Unpublished PhD dissertation in Geology, Renssela…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] The Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association 96:1-4. 24 An Intact Prehistoric Ceramic Pot from Cumberland Bay, Lake Champlain Dennis M. Lewis, Clinton Community College

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] body of the pot in places appears to be fabric impressed or marked by a large cord-wrapped paddle. Figure 1. Durfee Underlined pot raised from Cumberland Bay, Lake Champlain, New York, 1979. Height 29 cm (11 5/8 in); …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] The earlier work proceeded with 5-ft squares and half-inch mesh screens. The more recent work used 24 columns. 35 cm square, and 28 units from 1 to 4 sq m in size (Figure 1). The 2 12 column levels were water-screened…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] An unknown proportion of the site consists of a large area of oyster shell up to 120 cm (4 ft) deep in its southern end. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the shell accumulated 6000 to 4400 and 2500 to 2200 years ago, b…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] The balance between sea-level rise and stream activity has been the key variable in the geomorphological history. Geomorphology The Dogan Point Site is one of at least 12 Middle to Late Holocene shell-matrix sites kno…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Most of the materials used (i.e., cherts, quartz, quartzite, argillite, argillitic red slates, feldspar) could have been collected in the immediate environs of Montrose Point. Quarried materials came from Warren Co., …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Three of thes e scrapers were made on recycled projectile points, rotated 180 degrees. Polishes on the Archaic triangular points indicate a probable use only in piercing, while the Woodland triangles evidenced dual fu…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Invertebrates Crassostrea virginica, or the Eastern Oyster, is the dominant bivalved shellfish species in shell-matrix sites of the Lower Hudson River (Table 3). Visually, the oyster constitutes 100% of the matrix in …

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] There is less fragmentation of shells in giant oyster deposits (index is the weight of 1/2-in screen shell divided by 1/4-in screen shell). Their more frequent invasion by sponges making large bore holes gives credenc…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] A single possible oyster shell artifact was found (Figure 4). Two bear canines were recorded by Brennan's crew but apparently were not d rilled. 29 The Bulletin Table 1. Projectile Points from Dogan Point, New York. m…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] Raccoon, Black Bear, Opossum, Striped Recovered from both historic and prehistoric contexts were 2787 bones (Table 4). Fish bones numbered 220, accounting for 8% of the vertebrate remains. Their recovery unquestionabl…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] 33 The Bulletin equally across classes and elements, indicating accidental burning. Butchery marks were essentially absent on wild animal bones, and rodent or carnivore marks were uncommon. An unexplained rust-colored…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] From 30 to 40 cm came uncarbonized bark and oak (Gary Crites, personal communication 1993). Surprising was the absence of American Beech. Wood Charcoal Charcoal was rare in the portion of the site most recently excava…

[Herbert C. Kraft et al. (1994)] It came from a large clump of burned wood retrieved at a depth of 107 cm buried by 82 cm of slope wash. This hearth also yielded a projectile point typed as a Rossville (according to Stuart Fiedel, Ed Curtin, Russel H…