The continuous valleys, extending north and south have been availed of by the railroads which intersect the county, while other roads in every direction have made the means of inter-communication easy and convenient. These features give to the roads running north and south a generally level character,wliile those extending across the country east and west are a constant succession of ascents and descents. Occasionally abrupt and rocky hills break the surface, and present obstacles to travel, sometimes inconvenient, but nowhere insurmountable.

The eastern bank of the Hudson River affords a landscape of surpassing beauty, varying with undulating hills and gentle slopes, where countless numbers of villas, cottages, palaces of wealth, clustering villages, and busy towns attest the residence' of wealth and taste. Into the Hudson flow all the streams of the county whose water-shed trends to the westward. The hills along the eastern bank of the Hudson rise from three hundred and fifty feet near Hastings to one thousand two hundred and twenty-eight feet atAnthony's Nose promontory, in the northwest corner of the county. The valley of the Bronx River, in the middle section of the county, shows a depression of surface extending from near the centre of the county southward to the Sound. Still farther to the east the Mamaroneck River, empt3Mng into the Sound, as well as the Blind Brook Creek, show a succession of hills and valleys throughout the southern and eastern sections of the county. In the northern part of the county the Croton River and its tributaries, flowing in a southwesterly direction to the Hudson River, at Tappan Bay, mark another valley depression which extends oyer a large portion of the Northern part of the county. These depressions have in several places created small lakes, of which Croton Lake is entirely artificial. Byram Lake, in Bedford and North Castle, Rye Pond in Harrison (covers two hundred and ten acres), Cross Lake and North and Solith Ponds, in Poundridge, Waccabuck Lake (covei-s two hutidred and twelve acres), in Lewisboro', Peach Lake, in North Salem, Mohegau and Mohansic Lakes, in Yorktown, and smaller bodies of fresh water in other localities indicate a formation of surface rolling and broken in character, and picturesque and beautiful in landscape.