Then follow the powers, rights, and privileges, the first of which was the high, middle, and low jurisdiction within the patroonship; a power necessarily appertaining to the ownership of the land, as requisite to the orderly government of the patroonship, the due protection of the tenants in their rights, and the determination of all controversies between themselves, or between themselves and the Patroon, or his agents, as well as the trial and punishment of criminal ofi'enses. "High jurisdiction" means the power of capital punishment. Under the charter of 1629 (Art. XX), a right of appeal from all judgments of these courts, of fifty guilders (S20), and upwards, lay to the Governor and Council in New Netherland. By that of 1G40, the limit was increased to 100 guilders (§40), and the right extended to all cases of criminal sentences, and judgments entailing infamy upon any person. Thus the rights of all people were thoroughly protected.

Next are enumerated the sole rights of hunting, fishing, fowling, and milling. These explain themselves, except the last, -- milling. This means, not the actual grinding, or manufacturing, but the right to erect, or control the erection of, all mills within the Patroonship. For every Patroon was to build a mill, or mills, for the use and benefit of the tenants or vassals, these terms being sinijilN' synonymous, of the Patroonship. These mills could, either be run by the Patroon or his agent, or rented by him to any one who w ished to run them, at a fixed rent or toll. But the Patroon was in all cases bound to provide the mills and appurtenances themselves.