But from that day to this, that great and venerable Church has continued in the enjoyment of its creed, privileges, and property, as fully and as freely

1 II Brod., 170.

THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE MANORS.

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as it did, while having the power of the Province Government at its back to enforce its support and prohibit all doctrines it did not approve. And how strong this i)Ower wiis, its dealings with the Lutherans, and with the Quakers in Governor Stuy vesaut's time, fully attest.

At the beginning the maintenance of the Church though undertaken by the West India Company, was, under the charter of 1629, devolved by it upon the Patroons and Free Colonists ; but under that of 1640, and during the entire Dutch dominion afterward, it was placed upon the Province Goverument, as the representative, or rather agent, of the West India Company, without however relieving the Patroons and Colonists from their obligations in regard to it. If they were in default, the Company itself was to maintain " the Established Church " through its Provincial Government from its own revenues. Before the charter of 1629 the Company undertook the support of the church. This appears from a letter of the Eev. Jonas Michaelius, the first clergyman of the Dutch Church in New Netherland to a brother clergyman at Amsterdam, the Rev. Adrianus Smoutius, dated August 11, 1628, which was discovered and first printed, only in 1858, in a periodical of Amsterdam by Mr. J. J. Bodel Nijenhuis of that city, and subsequently translated and sent to the late Dr. Edmund B. O'Callaghan then of Albany, the author of the " History of New Netherland," by the late Henry C. Murphy, then United States Minister at the Hague. The second volume of the "Holland Documents" translated and edited for the State by Dr.