The Eighth article, in connexion with the twelfth, preserved, maintained, and continued, to the Established Dutch Cliurch all its rights, })rivileges, and immunities of creed and worship, and guaranteed to it freedom of conscience and church discipline, as well as the continuance of its regulations, as to its own concerns, and to the poor and to orphans, in the same hands, and under the same control, that they had ever been. But these articles did not continue it as the Established Church of the Province, or provide for its maintenance and control as such, by the government, or rather, through the government, as had been the case under the West India Company, and all the Charters of Freedoms and exemptions from the first to the last. They did however continue and guarantee to it everything else. Its lands and all its rights of property were guaranteed and continued to it by the same third, eighth, eleventh and twelfth articles, which guaranteed and maintained all the other landholders of the Province in their rights of possession and property in their realty. In short the Dutch Church was acknowledged in its existence, confirmed in its creed, discipline, and worship, maintained in the possession of its property, and guaranteed in its rights in every respect and in every way. Nothing was altered, nothing abrogated, except its position as the Established Church of New Netherland. That was determined by the fall of the Dutch Province. Both were ended by the surrender to England. The new Province of New York had during its whole existence no connexion officially, with the Dutch Church, or any other church, except "the Church of England as by law established."