The statute of Edward, called" of Westminster," or" Quia emptores " from its] first two words, " in the year 1290 put an end forever to New Manors in England." '^ Those Manors were feudal Manors, of the kind already alluded to, those erected in New York, four hundred years later were freehold Manors. Their difference, and why Manors could be erected in New York, and not in England will be shown.

" It has often been noticed," says Sir Henry Maine, " that a Feudal Monarchy was an exact counterpart of a Feudal Manor,^ but the reason of the correspondence is only now beginning to dawn upon us, which is, that both of them were in their

• It will be remembered that under the Dutch system, the " groundbrief" was the license to buy of the Indians, and the "transport" the deed of the Director and Council for the land after the purchase of the Datives had been made.

SGneist's Const. History of England, 148.

' \ similar statement is found in West's Manner of Creatiug Peers, ; . 10. Cruise on Dignities, p. 13.

origin bodies of assumed kinsmen settled on land and undergoing the same transmutation of ideas through the fact of settlement. The history of the larger groups ends in the Modern Notions of Country and Sovereignty ; the history of the smaller in the Modern Notions of Landed Property. The two courses of historical development were for a long while strictly parallel, though they have ceased to be so now."^ It is not possible in the limits of this essay to describe, except in outline, the various steps and changes by which the barbarian Teutonic leader and his followers, developed into the family or tribal ruler and his kindred by blood or by tribe settled upon the land which they had seized, and which they retained as their own.