The abolition of tenures shall not take away or discharge any rents or services certain, which at any time heretofore have been, or may hereafter be, created or reserved ; nor shall it be construed to afi'ect to change the powers or jurisdiction of any Court of Justice in this State.'

From and after 1830, therefore, the land tenure of New York has been and continues to be purely allodial. The vested rights and incidents of the former socage tenures were preserved, but the erection of any other tenure than a pure allodial one is forbidden.

J II. K. S,, Part II. Title I, p. 718, first ed.

The state has thus after the lapse of centuries returned to the free and just ' alod ' of the earliest Saxon days of England.

The nature of the old Feudal 3Ianors, and the difference from them of the Freehold Manors of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in New York having been shown, the incidents, franchises and privileges of the latter next demand attention.

10.

The Franchises, Privileges, and Incidents, of Manors in the Province of New York, and in the Covnty of Westchester, and the Parishes in the latter. The erection of ' Manors ' by the English in New York, like the previous creation of ' Patroouships,' by the Dutch in the same Province, was simply the establishment and carrying out, of what they deemed the best method of promoting the growth and development of their new possession under their own laws and customs. To the same idea is due the granting therein of similar large tracts of land which were not manors. The latter, the ' Great Patents,' as they were called, were usually granted to several grantees. The Manoi's were necessarily granted to one only. The franchises, privileges, and other valuable incidents, which the Manors possessed, and which the Great Patents did not possess, were much fewer than is generally supposed.