The reproachful terms of " Whig," " Tory," " Cowboy" and " Skinner" were changed to " Abolitionist," " Copperhead," " Nigger- Worshipper" and " Traitor." Families were divided, churches rent into factions, and actual fighting was only saved the county, during the draft riots of 1863, by the fact that the ] rioters did not get their courage to the fighting point till it was too late to do an\'thing.

The most prominent factor in the feeling, as shown in the comments of the Eastern State Journal, already quoted, was intense dislike of the Republicans, rather than active sympathy with the Secessionists. At the time of Mr. Lincoln's election the majority of the voters of the county honestly believed, with the Eastern State Journal, that all Republicans were designing knaves, who earnestly wished to break up the Union.

Up to the death of the old Whig party, the distinction between that and the Democracy had been broad, simple and easily understood. The one party I was centralizing, the other decentralizing. The disturbing element of slaverv bad altered all this ; the old line of demarcation had vanished; but extreme partisans, on both sides, kept on talking and thinking about abstractions that had ceased to have any real existence. Under the operation of the Fugitive Slave Law, the Democrats had become advocates of " Federal Coercion," in favor of slavery, in Kansas; while the Republicans preached the most extreme doctrines of " State-rights," in the "personal liberty laws," by which the Northern States resisted or evaded the