Y., and in 1848 he received his degree from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania. The next year he devoted to an extra course of didactic and clinical lectures at the Harvard Medical School, Bosion. From May, 1849, to May, 1856, he practiced in the city of New York (except that from November, 1850, to July, 1851, he was in Europe, employing most of that time at the lectures and clinics and in the hospitals of

Paris). In May, 1856, he located in Yonkere as a general practitioner of medicine, surgery and obstetrics. In August, 1861, he entered the service of the United States Sanitary Commission as hospital visitor and associate secretary, and in May, 1863, succeeded Frederick Law Olmsted as general secretary, an oflSce which, in May, 1865, he was compelled to resign because of the failure of his health in the performance of its arduous obligations. He renewed his j^ractice in Y'onkers, and, in 1869, made a second voyage to Europe. On June 21, 1877, he was elected president of the Medical Society of the State of New York, but declined to accept because of his doubt as to the legality of the meeting at which he was chosen. Other offices which he held were as follows: Physician of the St. John's Riverside Hospital, at Yonkers ; surgeon of the Yonkers Board of Police ; senior warden of St. Paul's Parish, Yonkers ; president of the Yonkers Medical Association (of which he was one of the founders) ; president of the Westchester County Medical Society ; vice-president of the New York Obstetrical Society ; permanent member of the American Jledical Association ; member of the Amercan Public Health Association ; corresponding Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine ; member ot the American Social Science Association.