Churches and schools were required to be established, and the manufacture of cloths was prohibited. The company retained the fur trade and fettered commerce. Several directors of the company availed themselves of the advantages offered. The Patroon of Bensselaerswyck, however, was the only one who established a manorial court, and he rendered the privilege of appeal nugatory by exacting of his tenants, as a condition to the occupation of land, that they would not avail themselves of it. This monopoly had a disastrous effect upon the colony. Differences arose between the company and the Patroons, and a new policy wa.'^, therefore, inaugurated. In 1638 free emigration was encouraged, and in 164<) (.luly 19) the College of Nineteen passed an ordinance materially modifying the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions. The policy of free emigration, free lands and free trade, incomplete as it was, increased at once the prosperity of the colony." '

In what is now Westchester County we have, therefore, both systems -- in Colendonck the government of a patroon or feudal baron, in Oostdorf the commune or town, with some local autonomy.

The New Netherlands were governed by the ''Dutch Roman [or Civil] Law, the imperial statutes of Charles v., and the edicts, customs and resolutions of the United Netherlands'* and such ordiuances as the Dutch West India Company should prescribe.

The boundary between the New England colonies and the New Netherlands had been in dispute. By the treaty of 1650 Greenwich on the main land and Oyster Bay on Long Island became the eastern limits of the latter. ' November 15, 1663, Westchester was ceded by Stuyvesant to Connecticut, and English law and customs prevailed. Less than a year later, September 8, 1664, the New Netherlands surrendered to an English squadron under Richard Nicolls. The New Netherlands became New York, the Dutch West India Company w&re succeeded by the Duke of York (to whom his brother, Charles II., " by the most des-