By the treaty of 1650 Greenwich on the main land and Oyster Bay on Long Island became the eastern limits of the latter. ' November 15, 1663, Westchester was ceded by Stuyvesant to Connecticut, and English law and customs prevailed. Less than a year later, September 8, 1664, the New Netherlands surrendered to an English squadron under Richard Nicolls. The New Netherlands became New York, the Dutch West India Company w&re succeeded by the Duke of York (to whom his brother, Charles II., " by the most des-

6 O'Callaghan's " Histoiy of N. N.," pp. 391-393.

' Civil List of State of N. Y., 1880, pp. 57-.58.

9 Civil List of state of N. Y., 1880, p. 23.

3 Bancroft's "Hist, of U.S." (last edition), vol. i. p. 508.

CIVIL HISTOKY.

potic instrument recorded in the colonial archives of England," which ignored alike English charters and Dutch claims),' and the civil law gave place to the common law. With the exception of a brief period of Dutch occupation in 1673 to 1674, English rule remained until the Revolution. Anglo-Saxon ideas and customs still predominate. Richard Nicolls took Stuyvesant's place, and found it profitable employment, for the fees received, to issue new patents to the old settlers. The Duke of York, whose deputy the Governor was, promised more privileges than he ever gave.

County under English Rule. -- Changes in the proprietors and systems brought with them local changes. Colendonck (Yonkers), the second civil division of what is now called Westchester County, had been blotted from the map by the massacre of its inhabitants by the Algonquin Indians in September, 1655.- Nothing remained but the charter. In 1664, only Westchester, formerly called by the Dutch Oostdorp, or Easttown, remained. "A convention of two delegates from each town on Long Island' was held at Hempstead in February, 1665, for the purpose of receiving from the Governor the code which he had prepared, and which was called ' the Duke's Laws.' The code was chiefly compiled from laws then in force in New England, 'with an abatement of the severity against such as differ in matters of conscience and religion.' The only popular feature of the code was the one organizing the town courts.