He remarked that the bulls and the cows generally congregated in separate herds."

Here they began to see blacktail deer, which abounded in the hills, and were larger than the "prairie species," or antelope.

In the gap back of Castle rock they discovered the trail of four or five pedestrians, which later proved to be Crow spies, who had dogged the train in secret for several days, astonished at wagons and oxen, and especially a cow and a calf which were sedately following the caravan.

Crow Indians were not habitually along this part of the Platte, their habitat being in the Big Horn mountains and Basin. Had they been familiar with; the valley, they might have observed in the last two years, the wagons in Sublette's several caravans.

The discovery of these moccasin tracks put the party upon its guard, for "when you can see no Indians is just the time to look out for them." is a part of Jim Bridger's philosophy. Inasmuch as Bridger came to the mountains with General Ashley in 1823, and was guide during the Indian wars as late as 1865, it may be accepted that he ought to know.

"On the 21st," Bonneville's party "camped amid the high and beetling cliffs of indurated clay and sandstone, bearing the semblance of towers, castles, churches, and fortified cities. At a distance it is scarcely possible to persuade one's self that the works of art were not mingled with these fantastic freaks of nature."

Five years earlier Joshua Pilcher lias similarlv remarked their formation.