This was in line with the promises of Colonel Kearney at Fort Laramie in 1845, where he warned twelve hundred Sioux that they must not try to close the Great White Medicine Road, "for it was used by the people who with their wives and their children and the cattle, were moving to the other side of the mountains, to bury their bones there, and to never return." Colonel Kearney said in address : "Sioux, you have enemies about you. but the greatest of them all is whiskey. I

HISTORY OF WESTERN NEBRASKA

learn that some bad men from Taos bring it here and sell it to you. Open your ears and listen to me. It is contrary to the wishes of the Great Father that . whiskey should be brought here, and I advise you, whenever you find it in your country, no matter in whose possession, to spill it all on the ground. The ground may drink it without injury, but you cannot."

Tall Bull and another Sioux spoke very cordially, and then presents were distributed. Tall Bull was the principal chief present for the Sioux.

About 1870 Tall Bull was killed by Buffalo Bill in the Battle of Summit Springs. The killing took place in a dry run leading down to the Platte, and the widowed squaw seemed .quite proud of the fact that it took so distinguished a man as Colonel W. F. Cody to kill her man and chief.

Captain Clark, who later figured conspicuously in western Nebraska history, says that Whirlwind told him that the dates of the Horse Creek Councils marked the division of the Cheyenne and the Sioux, but there had been earlier troubles of which he perhaps was unaware.