Newman established the largest ranch on the Niobrara or Running Water, and it was the first in point of time, in this part of the sand hills. It was there as early as 1878 or earlier. He ran as high as twenty thousand cattle at one time, and ranged them all the way from Hat Creek, and over the Wyoming and Dakota lines to the northwest, as far east as Valentine. The ranch was located in the western part of Cherry county, at the mouth of the Antelope Creek, and the original site has now been abandoned. The land is occu-

Loxc Horn's !■'

pied by new people. Newer ranch buildings were built about a quarter of a mile from the old site, and it is (1919) known as Fagin's ranch. It has been variously called Mayberry, or Circle, or Boiling Springs ranch. George Morehead of Omaha had a brother killed near there by Cheyenne Indians.

Jim Dahlman, range rider from Texas, later sheriff of Dawes county, and mayor of Omaha for many years, worked for E. S. Newman after his arrival on the northern range. Other old time punchers on this ranch were James Ouigley of Valentine, Charles Hoyt of Whitman, Robert Miller of Burwell, and Henry and John Stitler.

Newman ranch was followed by Newman & Hunter's, and later Newman retired. Hunter & Evans had a ranch at the confluence of Pine Creek with the Niobrara in the western part of Sheridan county as early as 1878. Among the many brands well known in this territory at an early date were Z-Bar and Lazy-33. When the granger came, the big herd was driven to Milk River, Montana, where the company continued business for a time.