After settlements were made on the north side of the river and teaming had to be done via Chappell, the Geo. W. Hulse place was the half-way house and feeding station. William Keizer established the Kowanda postoffice in 1889, bringing the mail up from Julesburg by stage. The postoffice is still being used, the mail coming over from Chappell now. Mrs. Henry G. Smith is the present postmistress. She also carries a small stock of goods for the accommodation of its patrons.

D. C. Hooper, one of the first settlers north of the river near Lewellen used to walk to Ogallala or Big Springs for his groceries. He had a hand-cart with which he hauled them.

Farm Home, at Ash Hollow

He carried a sack of flour on his back from Big Springs to his home. He would lie down to sleep wherever night overtook him. After Dennis B. Clary came, he made that a stopping place.

Dennis Clary came to the south table in 1885 when it was old Cheyenne county. His entire outfit consisted of a set of single harness and his grip. He came alone, his family coming the next year. When he arrived at Big Springs, he purchased a horse and rode out to his claim near Ash Hollow. He built a cart, nailing two thicknesses of boards together crosswise and trimming them into shape for wheels. The tire was a curved ash root nailed on this. The hub was an ash stump and the shafts were ash poles ; all topped off with a bed large enough to carry half a wagon load. With his horse "Old Jim*' and this cart he gathered bones and hauled them to Big Springs to pay for groceries. In fact, all his hauling was done in the old cart for a number of years.