When they wished to make one of their more durable canoes they had first to fell a suitable tree, a task which, on account of the insufficiency of their tools, required much labor and time. Being unable to cut down a tree with their stone axes, they resorted to fire, burning the tree around its trunk and removing the charred portion with their stone implements. This was continued until the tree fell. Then they marked the length to be given to the canoe, and resumed at the proper place the process of burning and removing. Their agriculture was exceedingly primitive. They raised only one principal crop -- maize, or Indian com. Quite extensive fields of this were grown. In addition, they planted the sieva bean, BELT <>K WAMPUM. the pumpkin, and tobacco. For cultivating their fields they used only a hoe made of a clam shell or the shoulder blade of a deer. They had no domestic animals to assist them in their agricultural labors and provide them with manure for the refreshment of their exhausted lands and with food products-- no horses, sheep, swine, oxen, or is poultry; and even their dogs were mere miserable mongrels. It the soil, but this use must said that they used fish for fertilizing have been on an extremely limited scale. The extent and character of the trade relations between the Indians of the same tribe and those of different tribes can only be inferred relations from known facts which render it unquestionable that such among existed For instance, tobacco, which was in universal use e m exchang by obtained be to had , America North the aborigines of copThe growth. its to soil and climate by ed all localities unadapt per ornaments remarked by Hudson on the persons of the Indians