were retaliatory for the taking of their territory without making There was not a man among just and proper compensation. them that did not know the bounds of his own land as accu Their customs were their unwritten laws, more effective than those which fill

rately as though defined by a surveyor's chain.

the tomes of civilized governments, because taught to the people

from infancy and woven into every condition and necessity of Their chiefs were poor and without revenue, yet

their being.

A more perfect

the treasury of the nation was never exhausted.

democracy will never exist among the nations of the earth, and in this respect it was distinguished from the government of the Iroquois, the latter more nearly resembling a republic from the greater number of tribes represented in national councils, but in

other respects scarcely presenting a single contrasting feature.

The names given to the Lenape tribes were from their totems. Each Indian nation was not only divided into tribes and chief taincies or family clans, but had peculiar totemic classifications.

Totems were rude but distinct devices or family symbols, denot consanguinity, and were universally respected. were painted upon the person of the Indian, and again They on the gable end of his cabin, " some in black, others in red."

ing

original

The wandering savage appealed to his totem, and was entitled to the hospitality of the wigwam which bore the corresponding em blem. They had other and various uses, but the most important was the representation which they made of the tribe or family to which they The belonged or were made the emblems. Iroquois had nine, forming two divisions, one of four tribes and the other of five. Of the first division the emblems were