In 1660, they were included in the threatening hostilities. peace at Esopus, but neither in its negotiation nor its terms

was there distinction made between the parties to that treaty. Three years later Stuyvesant distinctly refused to employ them. The advantage to the Iroquois from their treaty of free trade was great, but it was made so only by the bar which their proxi mity to Fort Orange interposed to the supplying of other nations with whom they were at war.

The treaty between Nicolls, on the part of the English, and the

Iroquois,

was one of necessity.

With the Mahicans the

English were already in treaty ; with the Iroquois alone they had none. Nothing was changed by it, but the change which subsequently came was due to other causes, and those causes It required precisely what they were a hundred years later. more than half a century to develop the result of the opposing French and English Indian alliances, even admitting that the

was practically determined on this continent. The war between the French Indians and the Iroquois at the north was

result

one of alternate successes and reverses, with positive advantages undetermined ; but at the south, where the French alliance was without power, the Lenapes, Minsis, Susquehannas, dndastesj and other tribes became tributary to their ancient enemies.

With the progress of the French in the west, and the gathering *

Note

3,

ante

p.

35.

Raffeix, the

French

1672: missionary, writes, in " God preserve the Andastcs, who have only three hundred warriors, and bless their arms to humiliate the Iroquois and preserve to us peace and our missions."