subsequently stated that forty towns existed in the three western cantons. Journal of Sullivan s Expedition.

Indian Fort.

ONONDAGA, THE CAPITAL OF THE FIVE NATIONS 1609.

O.F HUDSON'S

RIVER.

THE INDIANS UNDER THE DUTCH THE MANHATTAN WARS FROM THE DISCOVERY TO THE PEACE OF 1645.

ROM the

first hour of Hudson's appearance in the waters of the Mahicanituk, to the last of the domina

tion of Holland, there was an antagonism between

the Dutch and the Indians with whom they came in

contact in the vicinity of Manhattan island, and a conflict which

was apparently irrepressible. Hudson met " hicans

While in the territory of the Maproper loving men," 'in that of the Waphe the and Minsis, dyed the waters of the river which pingers the blood of those who were encouraged he had discovered with his

by

overtures to a violation of laws to which they were was amid the terrifying war-cries of a

strangers, and his exit

people enraged by the slaughter of kindred, and clouds darkened by their quivering arrows.

Subsequent events in no degree mitigated the hostility which

When the traders followed Hudson they until not had reached the jurisdiction of those with paused they

was then awakened.

whom his intercourse had been friendly.

There they main

tained kindly relations with the Indians, and around their

trading

Nassau, and subsequently Fort Orange, hed neu tral ground between the contending Mahicans and Mohawks*

posts, Fort

But this alliance of friendship did not relieve the Dutch from apprehended attacks on the part of those whom Hudson had Hudson's Journal; ante, p. n. The first, or Fort Nassau, was erected on what was called Castle island, now known as Boyd's island, a short dis1