the burnt houses, barns, barracks and other buildings, and the bones of the cattle," and exclaimed: " Our fields lie fallow and

waste ; our dwellings and other buildings are burnt ; not a handful can be planted or sown this fall on all the abandoned places.

All this through a foolish hankering after war ; for it these Indians

known to all right thinking men here, that

is

have lived as lambs among us until a few years ago, injuring no one, and affording every assistance to our nation."

Collections of the

New York Historical

Society, ad series, I, 275 .

Colonial History y i, 210.

Col. Hist, i, 21 o.

The mark *mm^g**r

of Aepjen

sachem of the Mahicans.

THE INDIAN TRIBES

THE ESOPUS WARS.

FROM THE PEACE OF 1645 TO THE PEACE OF 1664.

|CARCELY had the peace of 1645 been concluded before the Dutch resumed their former intercourse

with the Indians, as well as their former modes of

The town of New Amsterdam

promoting trade.

was largely given up and Indians were

to the sale of brandy, tobacco and beer,

daily seen

u

running about drunk," through

Every advantage was taken by the Dutch. The Indians were employed as servants, and defrauded of their wages they were induced to drink, and while intoxicated were robbed of their furs or of the goods which they had purchased ; they had standing complaint in regard to the sale of arms at Beaverthe streets.

;

wyck, and found cause of grievance in the value which the Dutch attached to the lands which they had sold, which led