to sell guns, powder, bullets, lead, shot, or any vessel of burthen or row boat (canoes excepted)." The sale or gift to
the Indians of " rum, strong waters, wine and brandy," without license, was forbidden under penalty of
"
forty shillings for each
To prevent difficulties arising so sold or disposed of." from cattle straying upon the unfenced lands of the Indians, and pint
were them in " felling trees, riving and sharpening " and setting posts, allowing " one Englishman to three or rails more Indians." These reforms were eminently satisfactory to
to encourage the latter to fence their fields, the colonists
directed to assist
the Indians, although many abuses were subsequently perpetrated
Not less so was the by those who were licensed under them. to be uniform, of trade were that the privileges treaty stipulation in all English plantations, to Indians in alliance with the govern
ment, and the fact that such alliance secured the friendship of the "great sachem." Tranquillity was soon established, and although the Mohawks and the Mahicans and Abenaquis, at the east, and the Senecas and Minsis, at the south, continued their struggle, the conflict was not around the centres of civilization.
Gradually the Minsis, more
immediately represented
on the
Hudson, yielded to the
superior advantages possessed by their or to the inducements which the English offered ; while enemies,
those more remote made common cause with the French.
O.P HUDSON'S
RIPER.
The annual renewal of the treaty with the Esopus Indians, required