I was I ever endured in my whole life. shut up in a close chamber with fifty sachems, who besides the stink of bear's grease, with which they plentifully daub'd

themselves, were continually either smokColonial History, iv, ing or drinking."

714.

OF HUDSON'S RWER.

Yet judged by this standard, their ancient rivals, the Mohawks, were not their peers. Zinzendorf writes of the lat ter that their passion for strong drink, by making them hope them rendered had lessly indolent, unworthy of their position traffic.

as head of the Six Nations ; that though chiefest in dignity, they

were " despised because of their levity and paid off with the " title," while the Onondagas were the actual Judahs among their brethren." Years of intimate association with the Euro " peans had made the one prophets without honor in their own of such association had magnified the absence country," while the dignity and prowess of the others.

The peace of 1698 was of short duration. James II, the dethroned king of England, died in exile in France in Septem ber, 1701, and Louis acknowledged the son of James as the

The death of King William followed The in March, 1702, and Anne was declared his successor. successor to the throne.

war which followed, and which was known in Europe as the war of the Spanish succession, was called in America, Queen Anne's war. It continued until the peace at Utrecht,

New

York scarce knew of its existence, 1713. The the was province put in condition for defense. although Indians, who had hitherto been the principal contestants and April