Documentary History of the State of New York, Vol. II
Whiskey is distilled in considerable quantities, and mostly consumed in the country, and is also exported to Canada and 10 Susquehanna. The produce of the country is received by storekeepers in payment for goods, and with horses and cattle, is paid for land. Several thousand bushels of grain have been purchased in the winter beginning thi« year, 1804, for money at Newtown and at mills near Cayuga lake. Hemp is raised on Genesee river and carried to Albany. Droves of cattle and horses are sent to
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different markets, and a considerable number of cattle and other provisions, are used at the markets of Canandarqua and Geneva, at Niagara, and by settlers emigrating into the country. Cattle commonly sell for money at a good price, and as this country is very favorable for raising them, they will probably become the principal article for market ; many being of opinion that the raising of stock is more profitable as well as easier than any mode of flirnung. The following is a list of prices of articles, and the rates of wages since January 1801 :
Wheat, from 62 cents to 1 dollar a bushel-- Corn from 37 to 50 cents a bushel -- Rye from 50 cents to 62 cents, a bushel -- Hay from 6 to 12 dollars a ton -- Butter and Cheese, 10 to 16 cents a pound -- a yoke of oxen, 50 to 80 dollars -- milk cows from 16 to 25 dollars -- Cattle for driving, 3 to 4 dollars a 100 lb -- A pair of good working horses, 100 to 125 dollars -- Sheep from 2 to 4 dollars -- Pork, fresh killed in winter, 4 to 6 dollars a hundred, and salted in spring, 8 to 10 dollars -- Whiskey from 50 to 75 cents a gallon --Salt, 1 dollar a bushel weighing 56 pounds -- Field ashes, 4 to 9 cents a bushel : -- 600 bushels may be manufactured into a ton of pot or pearl Ash, which has been sold at market at 125 to 150 dollars ; and some persons by saving their ashes, or by manufacturing them, have nearly cleared the cost of improving land -- The wages of a laborer, 10 to 15 dollars a month, and board -- A suit of clothes made at 4 to 5 dollars -- A pair of shoes, 175 to 250 cents Store goods are sold at very moderate prices, the expense of carriage from Albany to New- York being about two dollars a hundred weight.