Finally, to complete the account of Frontinus, the Anio Novus (also brought by Clau- It was, as the name dius) took its rise on the Via Sublacensis, at the 42d mile-stone. implies, a portion of the river Anio. This river, traversing a rich and highly cultivated region, was mixed in times of rain with a quantity of the soil. On this account a purifying piscina or reservoir was interposed between the river and the mouth of the aqueduct, in which the water settled before entering the channel-ways. In spite, however, of this precaution, the water in times of violent floods was frequently discolored, when it reached the city. Another streamlet, called Herculaneus, rising on the same road, about 38 miles from Rome, and of which the waters were remarkably limpid, was conducted into the Anio Novus, but in time of rain, its advantages were lost by the mixture with the more abundant Anio.

This stupendous aqueduct extended the vast distance of 62 miles 48 miles and 300 paces being subterraneous. The rest was carried over such lofty arches, that in some places they rose to the height of 109 feet. -

All these aqueducts were carried to Rome on different levels, and their waters were distributed to the several parts of the city, to which their respective elevations were the best

adapted. The Anio Novus flowed on the highest line, and the others in this order : the

Claudia, the Julia, the Tepula, and the Marcia ; the waters of all these five aqueducts could, however, be conducted to every part of the city. The Anio Vetus was in the sixth rank, as to level, though from the height of its source, it might have been conveyed to the loftiest parts of the city. The Aqua Virgo, and Aqua Appia, of which the sources were " The desert which * T7ie unpeopled Campagna. encircles Rome owed its ancient salubrity, not to any natural advantages which it now wants, but to the population and tillage of the Latin States.