A Memoir of the Construction, Cost, and Capacity of the Croton Aqueduct
This edifice, which is appropriated to the machinery for raising water, has its foundation laid deep and strong in the rock which, at this place, forms the bed of the Ohio. Its walls, commencing about ten feet above low water mark, are built of limestone. They are eight feet thick at the foundation, diminishing gradually to a height of thirty-five feet, where they are five feet thick. Here the brick work commences. The building on the river side is ninety feet high. A well, which has been excavated in the solid rock beneath the building, communicates by a canal with the deep water, and thus guarantees a constant supply at the lowest possible depression of the river. The water is raised from this well by lifting-pumps to a point above high water mark, and is thence forced up to the reservoirs on the hill, a distance of about seven hundred feet. These reservoirs are elevated one hundred and fifty feet above low water mark, and about thirty feet above the upper plane of the city. The machinery employed for the purpose is a forty horse power steam engine. " The largest of these reservoirs is one hundred and three feet by fifty feet, and the smaller ninety-four feet by forty-five feet. The average depth of the whole is twelve feet, and their capacity one million six hundred thousand gallons. The water is carried through cast iron pipes, under the bed of Deer creek, to the intersection of Broadway and Third street, where it is distributed along all the principal streets, through pipes of oak logs with iron joints. About twenty-four miles of pipe have been already laid, and they are constantly extended as rapidly as public convenience and patronage require. The price of water varies according to the quantity supplied to a hydrant, the minimum rate being ten dollars.