They know, also, how to preserve fish and meat for the winter in order then to cook them with Indian meal. They make their bread, but of very indifferent quality, of maize, which they also cook whole, or broken in wooden mortars. The women likewise perform this labor and make a pap or porridge, called by some, Sapsis, by others, Duundare,^ which is their daily food ; theymix this, also, thoroughly with little beans, of different colors, raised by themselves this is esteemed by them rather as a dainty, than as a ;

daily dish.

BY WHOM NEW NBTHERLAND WAS FIRST OCCUPIED, AND HOW FAR ITS BOUNDARIES EXTEND.

That New Netherland was first discovered, owned and settled by Netherlands, The country i» ant ditiCOTered, taken has already been stated; but inasmuch as considerable dispute ' ^ has arisen on this settled p".""''?" "' »"* •* by Nether- '"<'"'• point, not only with the Swedes, who have little pretense, but principally with the English, who have already usurped and settled a great o portion thereof; The Engiuh have appropriated a large 'twill be, therefore, necessary to treat of each in particular somewhat more P""ionoiit. precisely and at large. But inasmuch as divers ingenious persons have treated of this matter in its length and breadth, and as those pretensions are absurd and require but few arguments, we shall dispose thereof as briefly as is in any wise possible. After their (12) High Mightinesses, the Lords States General, were pleased, in the year XVP and twenty-two, to include this Province within the Charter of the West India Company, the latter considered it necessary to take complete possession of this naturally beautiful and noble Province ; this, indeed, did follow in course of time, but according as circumstances permitted, as in all beginnings; for since the year of our Lord XV1'= and twenty-three, four forts have been built there by ^°^^ bun^herer ""kenofpoiseMion. order of the Lords Majors, one on the south point of Manhattans island, at the junction of the East and North rivers, and named New Amsterdam, where the ' Sapsis seems to be a synonym for Sappaen : Duundare is of the Iroquois stock, and means, literally, Boiled bread ; from Onnontara, boiled, and i)a<aroA, bread.