having married Susanna Janss, at the time widow of Aert Teunissen, her previous husband, who had entered into a contract with Director Kieft to lease a certain boniverie named Hobog/n'n, situate in Pavonia on the west side of the North River, . . . fenced the lands, cleared the fields, and erected a suitable brew house which is yet standing there, and brought thither eight and twenty head of large cattle, etc. . . . together with many of his own fruit trees. And thus considerable value was added to the bouwerie . . . tmtil the year 1643, when the cruel, unnatural, and very destructive war broke out, and his twentyeight large catile and horses were killed . . . dwelling house, barns, and stacks of seed burnt, the brew house alone remaining.

Another sufferer points out that the piles of ashes from the burnt houses, barns, barracks, and other buildings more than sufficiently demonstrated the ordinary care that was bestowed upon the countr\^ -- God help it !-- particularly during the war. " We respectfully request 3'our honours to institute a rigid inquiry into this matter ; how many first-class bouweries and ])lantations were abandoned in the war EARLIEST MAI' OF THE crrY b}' our Dutch and English, whose houses were burnt as has been stated." It may well be believed that, except within the stockades at Manhattan or under the protection of the fort at Rensselaerw}'k, few ornamental gardens were peri6 The Hudson River

manently established until after the animosity of the Indians became a thing of the past. In one old paper has been preserved a striking picture of colonial hardships: