University Press. p. 177. ISBN 0-521-86594-8 . ^ Smolenski, John. and Humphrey, Thomas J., New World Orders: Violence, Sanction, and Authority in the Colonial Americas , University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013 ISBN 9780812290004 ^ Historical and

Counties ^ Grant-Costa, Paul (2015). "The Wangunk Reservation" . Yale Indian Papers Project . Yale University . Retrieved Dec 15, 2015 . ^ James Hammond Trumbull (1881). Indian Names of Places, Etc., in and on the Borders of Connecticut: With

to the east. Like the Lenape, the Wappinger were highly decentralized as a people. They formed numerous loosely associated bands that had established geographic territories. [ 8 ] The Wequaesgeek , a Wappinger people living along the lower Hudson

summer and winter camps. They cultivated maize, beans, and various species of squash. They also hunted game, fished, collected shellfish, and gathered fruits, flowers, seeds, roots, and nuts. [ 26 ] By 1609, the Wappingers' earliest recorded European

fire at one point was in Kent . Paugussett , along the Housatonic River , present-day eastern Fairfield and western New Haven counties of Connecticut Podunk , east of the Connecticut River in eastern Hartford County, Connecticut Poquonock, western

of Cortlandt, whose chieftains agreed to the surrender of Pacham" [in 1644]. ^ Swanton 1952 :Tankitele mainly in Fairfield County, Connecticut, between Five Mile River and Fairfield, extending inland to Danbury and even into Putnam and Dutchess

Indians: Northeast, Vol. 15 . Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 213– 39. ISBN 978-0-1600-4575-2 . Hauptman, Laurence M. (2017). "The Road to Kingsbridge: Daniel Nimham and the Stockbridge Indian Company in the American Revolution".

tribes in New York (state) New Haven County, Connecticut People from New Netherland Putnam County, New York Westchester County, New York Extinct Native American tribes Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1: long volume value CS1

Indian tribes, questionable land sales, waves of diseases brought by the Europeans, and absorption into other tribes, their last sachem and a group of their heavily dwindled people were residing at the "prayer town" sanctuary of Stockbridge,

to have an independent name in history, and their people intermarried with others. Their descendants were subsequently relocated to a Stockbridge-Munsee reservation in Shawano County, Wisconsin . The tribe operates a casino there, and in 2010 was

fortified village, called Navish, at the neck of Croton Point. [ 45 ] Massaco , along the Farmington River in Connecticut Nochpeem, in southern portions of present-day Dutchess and western [ 46 ] and northern Putnam counties, New York. Their tribal

edit ] Abraham Nimham (1745–1778), captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War Daniel Nimham (1726–1778), sachem and member of the Stockbridge Militia in the American Revolutionary War Notes [ edit ] ^ Then part of Dutchess

Retrieved October 31, 2010 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) ^ Pritchard, Evan T. (April 12, 2002). Native New Yorkers, the legacy of the Algonquin people of New York . Council Oaks Distribution. p. 28. ISBN

the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country". ^ Cohen, Doris Darlington. "The Weckquaesgeek" (PDF) . Ardsley Historical Society . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-23 . Retrieved 2016-08-19 . ^

Philipses raised rents on the European-American tenant farmers , sparking colonist riots across the region. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] Daniel Nimham , last sachem of the Wappinger [ 38 ] In 1766 Daniel Nimham , last sachem of the Wappinger, was part of a

contact, their settlements included camps along the major rivers between the Hudson and Housatonic , with larger villages located at the river mouths. [ 27 ] Settlements near fresh water and arable land could remain in one location for about 20

present-day Hartford County, Connecticut Quinnipiac , in central New Haven County, Connecticut The Menunkatuck , were a sub-group of the Quinnipiac, living along the coast in present-day in Guilford in New Haven County, Connecticut. [ 47 ] Sicaog, in

present-day Hartford County, Connecticut Sintsink, also Sinsink, Sinck Sinck, and Sint Sinck, origin of the name of the penitentiary Sing Sing in Ossining , east of the Hudson River in present-day Westchester County, New York Siwanoy , southeast

south into the western Bronx along the Hudson and Harlem rivers. [ 4 ] Had hunting grounds on the northern three-quarters of Manhattan Island , and ranged north to present-day Tarrytown and Pocantico Hills . [ 45 ] While Edward Manning Ruttenber

and the probable meaning of some of them" . Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association - the Annual Meeting, with Constitution, By-Laws and List of Members . 7th Annual. New York State Historical Association: 40 (RA1–PA38) . Retrieved

1, 2010 . {{ cite book }} : ISBN / Date incompatibility ( help ) ^ a b Goddard 1978 , p. 238. ^ Sebeok 1977 , p. 307. ^ Sebeok 1977 , p. 310. ^ Sebeok 1977 , p. 309. ^ Sebeok 1977 , p. 325. ^ Brodhead, John Romeyn, Agent (1986) [First Pub. 1855].

Revolution . Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 85– 91. ISBN 0-8420-2748-3 . ^ Note that this is a romanticized modern depiction of an idealized "American Indian" of the Northeastern woods, and not an accurate representation of Nimham or his dress.

Dunlap, David W. (1983-06-15). "Oldest Streets Are Protected as Landmark" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-03-09 . Bibliography [ edit ] Goddard, Ives (1978). "Delaware" . In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.). Handbook of North American

Language [ edit ] The Wappinger spoke a dialect of the Munsee language , a Lenape tongue The Wappinger were most closely related to the Munsee , [ 25 ] a large subgroup of the Lenape people . All three were among the Eastern Algonquian -speaking

southeastern New York. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] 17th century [ edit ] The Wappinger first came into contact with Europeans in 1609, when Henry Hudson's expedition reached this territory on the Half Moon . [ 9 ] The total population of the Wappinger people at

Half Moon would have enquired what the people called themselves. The 1643 date reflects a period of great conflict with the Native people, including the preemptive Pavonia massacre by the Dutch, which precipitated Kieft's War . Language [ edit ] The

years, until the people moved to another place some miles away. Despite many references to their villages and other site types by early European explorers and settlers, few contact-period sites have been identified in southeastern New York. [ 28 ] [

lieutenant-governor and the council...does carry with it the colour of great prejudice and partiality, and of an intention to intimidate these Indians from prosecuting their claims." Upon a second hearing before New York Provincial Governor Sir Henry

Hudson River Valley Review , The Hudson River Valley Institute" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-13 . Retrieved 2019-02-10 . ^ a b c "Death In the Bronx, The Stockbridge Indian Massacre August, 1778" , Richard S. Walling,

Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed. (October 1912). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico . Vol. Part 2 (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 913, 1167, 1169. ISBN 978-1-4286-4558-5 . Retrieved November