Municipal Bonding Basics
presentation
7 pages
Meeting: portal event 748 (no meeting page on file)
Agenda item: Municipal Bonding Presentation from Beth Ferguson of Fiscal Advisors.
Presentation, 7 pages. Attached to agenda item: “Municipal Bonding Presentation from Beth Ferguson of Fiscal Advisors.”
Retrieved 2026-07-31 from the village's meeting portal.
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Municipal Bonding Basics
March 14, 2022
The Parties
Issuer – Village of Croton‐on‐Hudson
Independent Registered Municipal Advisor (IRMA) – Fiscal Advisors &
Marketing, Inc.
Bond Counsel – Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP
Rating Agency – Moody’s Investors Service
Underwriter – Determined at time of bid
Others
Regulatory Agencies – Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Municipal Securities
Rulemaking Board (MSRB)
The Bond Buyer
Depository Trust Company
Bond Insurers
For refundings – Escrow Agent & Verification Agent
Electronic Municipal Market Access system (EMMA)
The Process
Adopt Bond Resolution
Requires 2/3 majority
Permissive referendum (30 days)
Publish Legal Notice of Estoppel (20 days)
Structure Issue
Debt Statement
7% of the average last 5 years full valuations of the Village
Rating Agency Call
Sale
Closing
Continuing Disclosure
The Rating
Rating Scale
Rating Scorecard Factors
Economy
30% Tax Base Size
10%
Full Value per Capita
10%
Median Family Income
10%
Finances
30% Fund Balance (% of revenues)
10%
Fund Balance (5 yr trend)
5%
Cash Balance (% of revenues)
10%
Cash Balance (5 yr trend)
5%
Management
20% Instutional Framework
10%
Operating History
10%
Debt
20% Debt to Full Value
5%
Debt to Revene
5%
Moody's adj Net Pension Liability
to Full Value (3yr avg)
5%
Moody's adj Net Pension Liability
to Revenue (3yr avg)
5%
Moody's
S&P/Fitch
Aaa
AAA
Rated as the highest quality and lowest credit risk.
Aa1
AA+
Aa2
AA
Rated as high quality and very low credit risk.
Aa3
AA-
A1
A+
A2
A
Rated as upper-medium grade and low credit risk.
A3
A-
Baa1
BBB+
Baa2
BBB
Rated as medium grade, with some speculative
Baa3
BBB-
elements and moderate credit risk.
Sub Investment Grade
Village of Croton‐on‐Hudson Rating Aa2 by Moody’s
The Structure
Bond – The written evidence of a debt, similar to a mortgage, with maturity greater than
13 months and up to 30 years. Bonds are used to permanently finance a project.
Bond Anticipation Note (BAN) – A note issued in anticipation of a later issuance
of bonds with a maturity up to 12 months. BANs may be used to initially fund a project if the
construction cost is uncertain or if the project to be financed has a PPU of 5 years. BANs can
be renewed for up to 5 years.
Period of Probable Usefullness (PPU) – Every capital item has PPU stated in
Local Finance Law.
Weighted Average Maturity (WAM) ‐ The longest maturity allowable given the
weighted average of all projects and their corresponding PPUs.
Allowable Bond Structures
Level Debt – Each annual principal and interest payment approximately equal.
Declining Debt – Each annual principal and interest payment less than the prior year.
50% Rule – Each principal payment cannot be more than 50% of any prior principal payment
The Historical Interest Rates
Thank you.
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