opponents of Independence, wore resolute opposers of this Preamble and Resolution, and declined to vote on it, "as far as was in their "power, withdrawing the Province, from this union of the Colonies, " both in council and action." -- {The Philadelphia Committee to the Committees of the rttral Comities of Pennsylvania, " Philadelphia, May 21, "1776.") The majority of the Delegates from New York subsequently repeated their opposition to the measure, in the Provincial Congress of that Colony, where, also, their opposition to the Resolution of Independence was so peculiarly conspicuous. Although we have found no record of the action of the Delegations from New Jersey and Maryland, on that particular question, the subsequent action of the local revolutionary bodies, in those Colonies, concerning those Delegations, leaves no room for doubt concerning what the action of their respective Delegations had been.

* John Alsop and Francis Lewis took seats in the Provincial Congress, on the twentieth of May ; John Jay appeared on the twenty-fifth of that month ; James Duane, who had some other place in the Continental service, showed himself on the second of June ; and Philip Livingston lingered until the eighth of June -- all of them were there in season to accomplish, as far as the Provincial Congress of New York could be employed in such a work, all they had Bet out to do, in the work of procrastination, of reconciliation with the Mother Country, and of continued Colonial dependence.

& " Things have come to such a pass, now, as to convince' us that we " have nothing more to expect from the justice of Great Britain ; also, " that she is capable of the most delusive arts ; for I am satisfied that " no Commissioners ever were designed, except Hessians and other " foreigners ; and that the idea was only to deceive and throw us off " our guard.