Realizing the country's condition and the great need of economy in public expenditures, Washington's policy for 1779 was to remain on the defensive, except as mig'ht be found necessary to hold the Indians in check. England's affairs in Europe at this time were such that she would not be apt to push her operations in America. Washington himself was an experienced Indian fighter -- ^knew how they could be punished -- early favored an expedition into the heart of the Indian country -- having but little faith in the plan of establishing forts. He wished to carry the war to their own homes, destroy

78 NEW YORK STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

villages and crops and compel them to accept peace or depend on the British for sustenance. The country to be traversed on such an expedition was but little known, so Washington during the winter and spring devoted a great deal of time to obtaining information needed and planning for the campaign, which was subsequently shown to be the most important event of that year, and furnished a lasting lesson to the hostile tribes of the North. After the declination of the command by General Gates, Washington tendered the command, which was promptly accepted by General Sullivan, whose patriotism and bravery were weli known. Preparations were immediately commenced for the great undertaking. Hamilton under Washington's direction, drew up a letter of instructions, which was signed by Washington. The first paragraph is interesting: "May 31, 1779. Sir: -- The expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations of Indians with their associates and adherents. The immediate object is their total destruction and devastation and the capture of as many persons of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops, now on the ground, and prevent their planting more." Then followed instructions more in detail, showing that Washington had acquired an almost accurate knowledge of the country not only, but the people as well.