Footprints of the Red Men: Indian Geographical Names
Most of these latter, however," he adds, " may be shown by strict ana'iysis to belong to one of the two preceding classes, which compri.se at least nine-tenths of all Algonquian local names which have been preserved." For example, in Class I, Wapan-aki is a combination of Wapan, " the Orient," " the East," and aki, " Land, place or country," unlimited; with locative suffix {-ng, Del., -it, Mass.), "In the East Land or Country." JCif-ann-ing, Del., is a composition from Kitschi, " Chief, principal, greatest," hanne, " river," and ing locative, and reads, " A place at or on the largest river." The suffix -aki, -acki, -hacki, Del., meaning " Land, place, or country, unlimited,'' in Eastern orthographies -ohke, -auke -ague, -ke, -ki, etc., is changed to -karnik, or -kamike, Del., -kamuk or -komuk, Mass., in describing " Land or place limited," or enclosed, a particular place, as a field, garden, and also used for house, thicket, etc. The Eastern post-position locatives are -it, -et, -at, -uf; the Delaware, -ng, -nk, with connecting vowel -ing -ink, -ong, -onk, -ung, -unk, etc. The meaning of this class of suffixes is the same ; they locate a place or object that is at, in, or on some other place or object, the name of Which is prefixed, as in Delaware Hitgunk, " On or to a tree ;" Utenink, " In the town ;" Wachtschunk, " On the mountain." In some cases the locative takes the verbal form indicating place or country, Williams wrote " Sachimaiionck, a Kingdom or Monarchy." Dr. Schoolcraft wrote: "From Ojibwai (Chippeway) is formed Ojib-wainong, ' Place of the Chippeways ; Monominikaun-ing' ' In the place of wild rice,' " Dr. Brinton wrote " IValum-ink, ' The place of paint.' " The letter s, preceding the locative, changes the meaning of the latter to near, or something less than at or on.