The kill flows through a valley of broad and fertile flats, but near the Hudson it breaks through the limestone bluff which forms the east line of the Hudson, and its banks are steep and rocky. Saaskahampka, Indian deed ; Suaskahampka patent of 1684 -- the southwest boundmark of the Livingston Patent, is described as "A dry gully at Hudson's River." It is located about opposite Sawyer's Creek, north of the present Saugerties or Esopus Creek. Sasco, or as written Saaska, means "A swamp;" Assisku (Del,), "Mud, clay" ; Asxiskdkamika, "Muddy place," a gully in which no water was flowing. (Gerard.) Mananosick -- " Along the foot of a high mountain to the path that goes to Wawyactanock to a hill called by the Indians Mananosick." Also written Nanosick. Elidt wrote, in the Natick dialect, Nahoosick, "Pinnacle," or high peak. The indefinite and impersonal M' or Ma, prefixed, would add "a" or "the" high peak. The hill has not been located except in a general way as near the Massachusetts line. Nanapenahakan and Nanipanihekan are orthographies of the name of a "creek or brook" described as "coming out of a marsh lying near unto the hills where the heaps of stones lye." The stream flows to Claverack Creek. The outlet waters of Achkook-

50 INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

peek Lake unite with it, from which it is now called Copake Creek. It unites with Kinderhook Creek north of the city of Hudson. Wawanaquasik, Claverack Patent, 1649; Wazvanaquassick, Livingston Patent of 1686 ; IVazvauaquossick and Mawaiiapqiiassek, patent of 1715 ; Mawanagzvassik, surveyor's noitation, 1715 ; now written Mawaiiaquassick--a. boundmark of the Claverack Patent of 1649, and also of the Livingston Patent, is described in the Claverack Patent, "To the high woodland called Wawanaquasik," and in the Livingston Patent, "To a place called by the Indians Wawanaqussek, where the heapes of stone lye, near to the head c^f a creek called Nanapenahaken, which comes out of a marsh lying near unto the hills of the said heapes of stones, upon wliich the Indians throw Mother as they pass by, from an ancient custom among them." The heap of stones here was "on the south side of the path leading to Wa3^achtanok," and other paths diverged, showing that the place was a place of meeting.