Van Tienhoven wrote that it had been compelled to remove further inland on account of freshets, but mainly from its inability to resist the raids of the southern Indians ; that the lands whidh they left unoccupied was between "two high moimtains far distant from one to the other ;" that it was "the handsomest and pleasantest country that man can bdhold." The great southern trunk-line Indian path led throug'h this valley, and was then, as it is now, the great route of travel between the northern and the southern coast. (See Nanakan, Nyack-on-the-Hudson, and Orange.) Orange, a familiar name in eastern New Jersey and supposed to refer to the two mountains that bound the Raritan Valley, may have been from the name of a sachem or place or both. In Breeden Raedt it is written : "The delegates from all the savage tribes, such as the Raritans, w'hose chiefs called themselves Oringkes from Orange." Oringkes seems to be a form of Oivinickes, from Owini, N. J. [Inini, Chip., Lenni, Del.), meaning "Original, pure," etc., and -he, "country" -- literally, "First or original people of the country," an interpretation which agrees with die claim of the Indians generally when speaking of themselves.^ Orange is Oranje, Dutch, 'Dr. D. G. Brinton wrote me "I believe you are right in identifying Oringkes with Owine -- possibly with locative k."

I°4 INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

pure and simple, but evidently introduced to represent the sound of an Indian word. What that word was may, probably, be traced from the name given as that of the sachem, Aiironge (Treaty of 1645), which seems to be an apheresis of IV'scha-jd-won-ge, "On the hill side," or "On the side of a hill." (Zeisb.) Awonge, Auronge, Oranje, Orange, is an intelligible progression, and, in connection with "from Orange," indicates the location of a village or the side of a hill, which the chiefs represented.