above the water, lying under the mountains, along the river," presumed to have been in the meadows south of Piermont, into which flows from the mountains Tappan Creek, now called Spar Kill/ as well as the overflow of Tappan Zee, of which he wrote without other name than "bay" : "There flows here a strong flood and ebb, but the ebb is not more than four feet on account of the great quantity of water that flows from above, overflowing the low lands in the spring," converting them into veritable soft lands. Gamocnapaen, now a district in Jersey City, was interpreted by the late Judge Benson, "Tillable land and marsh." Dr. Trumbull wrote : "Petuckquapangh, Dumpling Pond (round pond) gave name to part of the 'township of Greenwich, Ct. The Dutch called this tract Petuckqiiapaen." The tract is now known as Strickland Plain,^ and is described as "Plain and water-land" -- "A valley but little above tidewater ;on the southwest an extended marsh now reclaimed in part." Tbe same general features were met in Pctuckquapaen, now Grecnba^h, opposite Albany, N. Y. Dr. Trumbull also wrote, "The Dutch met on Long Island the word Seaunip as the name of coin boiled to a pap. The root is Saupde (Eliot), 'soft,' i. e. 'made soft by water,' as Saupde manoosh, 'mortar,' literally 'softened clay.' Hence the Dutch word Sappaen -- adopted by Webster Se-pawn." Other examples could be quoted but are not necessary to establish the meaning of Dutch Tappaan, or Tappaen. An interpretation by Rev. Heckewelder, quoted by Yates & Moulton, and adopted by Brodhead presumably without examination: "From Thuhanne (Del.), cold stream," is worthless. No Delaware Indian would have given