The Dutch name, Juffrouzv's Hook, wtis obviously employed by the purchasers to locate the boundmark by terms which were then generally understood. Juffrouw, the first word, means "Maiden," one of the meanings of which is "Haai-rog" ; "rog" means "skate," or Angel-fish, of special application to a species of shark, but in English shad, or any fish of the herring family, especially the female. Hook means "Corner, cape, angle, incurved as a hook" ; hence "Maiden Hook," an angle or corner noted as a resort for shad, alewives, etc. : bv metonvmic. "A noted or well-

I HUDSON S RIVER ON THE WEST, 153

known fishing-place." The first word of the Indian name, Magaat, stands for Maghaak (Moh.), Machak (Zeisb., the hard surd mutes k and t exchanged), meaning "Great," large, extended, occupying chief position. The second word, Ramis is obscure. It has the appearance of a mishearing of the native word. What that word was, however, may be inferred from the description, "Juffrou's Hook, in the Long Reach, on the Great River (called in Indian Magaat-Ramis)," or as written in the patent, "To a certain Point or Hooke called the Jeuffrou's Hooke, lying in the Long Reach, named by the Indians Magaat-Ramis." That the name was that of the river at that place -- the Long Reach -- is made clear by the sentence which follows : "Thence north along the river to the island called Rappoos, at the commencement of the Long Reach," in which connection Ramis would stand for Kamis or Gamis, from Garni, an Algonquian noun-generic meaning "Water," frequently met in varying forms in Abnaki and Chippeway -- less frequently in the Delaware. In Cree the orthography is Kume. The final .y is the equivalent of k, locative, as in Abnaki Gauii-k, a particular place of water.