The stream came into notice particularly after 1693-4, when the Tortoise tribe retreated from Caughnawaga and located their principal town on the west side of the stream a short distance south of its junction with the Mohawk, taking with them their ancient title of "The First Mohawk Castle," and where its location became known by the name of Ti-onondar-aga andTi-onouta-ogcn ; but later from the location on the creek about sixteen miles above its mouth of what was known in modern times as "The Third Mohawk Castle," more frequently called "The Schohare Castle," a mixed aggregation of Mohawks and Tuscaroras who had been converted by the Jesuit missionaries and persuaded to remove to Canada, but subsequently induced to return. "A few emigrants at Schohare," wrote Sir William Johnson in 1763. In the same district was also gathered a settlement of Mahicans and other Algonquian emigrants. From the elements which were gathered in both settlements came what were, long known as the Schohare Indians. The early record name of the creek, To-ivas-sho'hare, was rendered for me by Mr, J. B. N. Hewitt, of

208 INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

the Bureau of Ethnolog}-, T-yo'-sko"-hd-rc, "An obstruction by drift wood." ^ In Colonial History, "Skohcrc,, the Bear," means that the chief so called was of the Bear tribe. He was otherwise known by the title, "He is the j^reat wood-drift," Ti-onondar=aga and Tiononta-ogen are forms of the name by which the "First Alohawk Castle" was located after the Tortoise tribe was driven by the French from Caugfhnawaga in 1693. The castle was located on the zvcst side and near the mouth of Schohare Creek, as shown by a rough map in Doc. Hist. N. Y., iii, 902, and also by a French Itinerary in 1757, in the same work. Vol. i, 526.- For the protection of the settlement, the government erected, in 1710, what was known as Fort Hunter, by which name the place is still known.