Caughnawaga is accepted as meaning "At the rapids," more correctly "At the rapid current." It is from the Huron radical Gannazva (Bruyas), for which M. Cuoq wrote in his Lexicon Ohnaivagh, "Swift current," or very nearly the Dutch Kaghnazva; with locative particle -ge or -ga, "At the rapids." It is a generic term and is met of record in several places. As has been noted elsewhere, the rapids of the Mohawk extend at intervals fifteen in number from Schenectady to Little Falls, the

^The letters ou, in Gandaouaga and in other names, represents a sound produced by the Mohawks in the throat without motion of the lips. Bruyas -wrote it 8. It is now generally written w -- Gandawaga.

214 INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

longest being east of the mouth of Schohare Creek. The rapid or rift at Caughnawaga extends about half a mile. Cayudutta, modern orthography ; Caniadutta and Caniahdutta, 1752. "Beginning at a great rock, lying on the west side of a creek, called by the Indians Caniadutta." (Cal. Land Papers, 270.) The name was that of the rock, from which it was extended to the stream. It was probably a rock of the calciferous sandstone type containing garnets, quartz and flint, which are met in the vicinity. "The name is from Onenhia, or Onenya, 'stone,' and Kaniote, 'to be elevated,' or standing" (Hale).^ Dr. Beauchamp translated the name, "Stone standing out of the water." The meaning, however, seems to be simply, "Standing stone," or an elevated rock. Its location isstated in the patent description as "lying on the west side of the creek." The place is claimed for Fulton County. (See Caughnawaga.) Canagere, written by Van Curler, in 1635, as the name of the "Second Castle" or tribal town, was written Gandagiro by Father Jogues, in 1643 1 Banigiro by Rev.