It is not easy to make a clear blackand-white drawing if one kind of cross-hatching must be placed on top of another kind. Fig. 7 shows that it is possible, however, to superimpose two kinds of cross-hatching and get a drawing that is fairly clear. The facts in this chart would have been brought out better if colors had been used for the main divisions of population. Ruled cross-hatching in black to represent the percentages of iUit-

New YorK

West Virginia

Mississippi

Fig. 7. Males of Voting Age in certain States, in 1900, by Color and Nativity and

by Illiteracy

A method for two successive divisions into components is shown here. The proportion of illiterates in each groHp is brought out by the horizontal ruling

erates would show clearly through the colored mk used for the main divisions.

Though it would have been possible to portray the data given in Fig. 7 in the form of the square shown in Fig. 5, the square would take up so much room on the page that the method would be prohibitive if all the States had to be shown on one page for comparison. With the method of Fig. 7, it is possible to place on one page all the forty -eight States so that comparison between States can be made instantly and accurately.

Fig. 8 shows another method of analyzing to 100 per cent in each of two directions. The method of Fig. 5 could be used for these data, but would not be as easy to understand as the method of Fie 8 Fig. 5 would require most careful cross-hatching to bring out the vertical subdivisions for each of the different States. By using the method of Fig. 8, each State can be shown distinctly even if it is only the width of a line, as in the case of Nevada or Wyoming.