Near the foot of the lake is a wooded peninsula, whose low isthmus, being covered at high water, leave.T it an island. It is called Elephant Island, because of the singular resemblance of some of the lime-

THE HUDSON.

stone formation that composes its bold shore to portions of that animal. The whole rock is perforated into singularly-formed caves. This, and

ELEPHANT ISLAND.

another similar shore a few miles below, were the only deposits of limestone that we saw in all that region.

At the outlet of Rich's Lake were the ruins of a dam and lumber

LUMBER DAM AND SLUICE

sluicj, similar in construction and intended use to that of Professor Benedict at Fountain Lake. The object of such structures, which occur

THE HUDSON.

on the Upper Hudson, is to gather the logs that float from above, and then, by letting out the accumulated waters by the sluice,* give a flood to the shallow, rocky outlets, sufficient to carry them all into the next lake below, where the process is repeated. These logs of pine, hemlock, cedar, and spruce, are cut upon the borders of the streams, marked on the ends by a single blow with a hammer, on the face of which is the monogram of the owner, and then cast into the waters to be gathered and claimed perhaps at the great boom near Glen's Falls, a hundred miles below. We shall again refer to this process of collecting lumber from the mountains.

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^M^

^N the old settlement of Pendleton, in the town of Newcomb, Essex County, we spent our second Sabbath. ' That settlement is between the head of Eich's Lake and the foot of Harris's Lake, a distance of five or six miles along their *^^ southern shores. It derives its name from Judge Nathaniel Pendleton, who, about fifty years ago, made a clearing there, and built a and grist, and saw-mill at the foot of Eich's where the lumber dam and sluice, before mentioned, weie afterwards made.