They are at the foot of au immense cliff of limestone, nearly 200 feet in height, immediately behind the kilns, and extend more than half a mile along the river. '^' The kilns were numerous, and in their management, and the quarrying of the limestone, about 100 men were continually employed. I saw them on the brow of the wooded cliff, loosening huge masses and sending them below, while others were engaged in blasting, and others again in wheeling the lime from the vents of the kilns to heaps in front.

•\VIM'ER FISU]

where it is slaked before being placed in vessels for transportation to market. This is a necessary precaution against spontaneous combustion.

* This deposit of limestone occupies a supeiflcial area of nearly 600 acres, extending in tlie rear of Stony and Grassy Points, where it disappears beneath the red sandstone formation. It is traversed by white veins of carbonate of lime. In 1837 Mr. Tomkins purchased 20 acres of land covering this limestone bed for 100 dollars an acre, then considered a very extravagant price. The stratum where they are now quarrying is at least 500 feet in thickness. It is estimated that an acre of this limestone, worked down to the water level, will yield 600,000 barrels of lime, upon which a mean profit of 25 cents a barrel is the minimum Some of this limestone is black and variegated, and makes pleasing ornamental marbles. Most of it is blue.

THE HUDSON.

Many vessels are employed in caiTving away lime, limestone, and "gravel" (pulverized limestone, not fit for the kiln) from Tomkins's Cove, for wlioso accommodation several small -wharves have been constructed.