' Clove of the Kill ' to the North River, or along the base of the height to and up Breakneck Hill."

Here these early settlers went about their daily labor of converting the virgin land into a productive farm, while the dusky savage, "whose trail lay near them, leading from the forests of Wickquaskeek to New Amsterdam, passed to and fro on his trading errands and eyed with ill-dis-. guised suspicion this inroad upon his ancient hunting grounds."

At 124th street the little watercourse known to Dutch settlers as the fonteyn, was crossed. Rising near Broadway, it flowed east and south to the head of Harlem creek. A branch path may have extended along the line of Manhattan street to a landing at North river, on the line of 130th street, to which an ancient lane extended in the Colonial period.

The path at 125th street turned northeastward to avoid the sharp acclivity later known as Point of Rocks, the extreme southern projection of the Penadnic, the Colonial "Hills of Jochem Pieter," our

INDIAN NOTES

UPPER MANHATTAN

modern Washington Heights. It skirted along the eastern base of the hilly range, bending here and there, within the bounds of St Nicholas avenue as it now runs, and slightly rising in grade to 141st street. It crossed there, and also at 143d street, the cascading brooks which bounded down the steep hillside from sources on the later estates of -General Maunsell and Alexander Hamilton, and uniting, ran into a marshy tract that extended until recent times along the base of the hill as far north as Harlem river, wholly barring farther progress along the level lowlands.