Indeed the numerous spots where such signs have come to light point to the use in one way or another of all parts of the favored valley, from the dense woodlands of the sheltered hillsides to the numerous fishing-places along the placid Muscoota river and around the shore-line of Shorakapkok.

The broad tract of meadow-land and marsh in the center of this vale, extending from the base of Fort George hill to the southerly part of Marble hill, was known to the natives as Muscoota (15), "a meadow or place of rushes." As in other situations, the name was applied also to the contiguous waters of Harlem river, bordering the tract

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INDIAN PATHS

upon the east, which thus became known to the early colonists as the kill Muscoota. The hilly extremity of the island, the present Marble hill, around which Spuyten Duyvil creek winds its sinuous way, was known as Saperewack, an apparent and interesting description of the white marble outcrop of this hill, evidenced by the Delaware sabbeleu-aki, "glistening place," as determined by Mr Harrington. This name is recorded in the deed of 28 September, 1669, as "the hook called Saperewack." The winding waterway from the head of kill Muscoota, at 225th street, was known as Paparinemin or Papirinemin, a name applied also' to the island of Kingsbridge which bounded the stream on its northerly side, and which seems to be derived from the Delaware papallenumen , "to continually make a false start," which would indicate to the native mind the special peculiarity of the tides of this locality, according to Mr Harrington. The limits within which the name seems to have been applied were from the head of Harlem river around Marble hill, as far west as the sharp bend in