This name is recorded in the deed of 28 September, 1669, as "the hook called Saperewack." The winding waterway from the head of kill Muscoota, at 225th street, was known as Paparinemin or Papirinemin, a name applied also' to the island of Kingsbridge which bounded the stream on its northerly side, and which seems to be derived from the Delaware papallenumen , "to continually make a false start," which would indicate to the native mind the special peculiarity of the tides of this locality, according to Mr Harrington. The limits within which the name seems to have been applied were from the head of Harlem river around Marble hill, as far west as the sharp bend in

INDIAN NOTES

UPPER MANHATTAN

S3

the stream caused by an extensive projection of marshy land from the southern end of Spuyten Duyvil hill, now occupied in part by the Johnson Foundry. This point, which was partly inundated at high tide, and nearly surrounded by the waters of the creek, was known to the Indians as Gowahasuasing, denoting "a place hedged in."

The sheltered side of Inwood hill was a most desirable place for native residence, and extensive debris discovered on all favorable sites testifies to their long-continued occupancy. The mouth of Spuyten Duyvil creek bounds the hill on the north and partly on the east, and this portion of the waterway was included in the name applied by the natives to the locality, Shorakapkok, which Mr Harrington suggests may be from shaphakeyeu-aki, referring to a "wet-ground place ."