It has been stated that oyster-shells were to be seen upon the island, but of course they may have been carried there in the extension of its area.

By this means the path left the Island of Manhattan. Only those who were ferried over on the backs of others, passed on their way dry of foot, unless perchance at times a dugout may have served the purpose of a ferry. When the tides were high there was often a long delay for travelers,

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which may account for traces of meals in small shell-deposits on the south side of the creek, and others on the opposite side of the stream on the sloping shore of the Island of Paparinemin.

AND MONOGRAPHS

IV.-- PATHS IN THE BRONX (Maps VI, and VII, A, B, C, D)

HE low land above Spuyten Duyvil

creek at the Wading place, was the island Paparinemin, which was formed by the Mosholu, known later as Tippett's brook, on the west, and on the other side by a marshy tract through which meandered a small watercourse, fed by brooks from the steep hillside on which modern Kingsbridge is now situated. . This island was a favored place for Indian residence, as it is sheltered by high hills in every direction, with an ample supply of fresh water. Its surface was composed largely of sand and cultivable soil. In the vicinity of 231st street, across the island, many traces of an occupied station have been found (18). Shell-pockets and scattered debris cover the upland, and near the middle of the area, upon the center line of that street, about