Others may probably exist in the vicinity. W. L. Calver found shells and fragments of pottery near the site of Public School No. Twenty-four, on Kappock street, which is near an abundant spring of fresh water. Along the shore of the Hudson several shell-deposits mark the sites of fishing-camps on the lines of West 232d, 235th, and 245th streets. A site which indicates extensive utilization, and possible long residence, is that of the one-time farm dwelling of the Tippett

AND MONOGRAPHS

INDIAN PATHS

family on the same hill, but farther north, about the line of 231st street. Quantities of oyster-shells are imbedded in rich black soil. The place is sheltered, and flowing springs are nearby. Only a few fragments of native materials have so far been found there, but enough to justify the determination of the place as an Indian station.16

These traces indicate a limited use of the exposed Nipnichsen hill, which, however, does not detract from its importance as a place of aboriginal observation and of possible refuge.

THE WESTCHESTER PATH

Returning now to 231st street, where the Manhattan trail divided (see Map VI), we take up the study of the Westchester path, which turned south from the Albany trail at the crossing of the marsh at 231st street. This was a well known native pathway, recorded in history, utilized later by the white settlers, and extending through the present Borough of the Bronx in two branches -- one connected with Westchester and the local stations in its vicinity, the