Bolton, Reginald Pelham. Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis. Indian Notes and Monographs, Vol. II, No. 7. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, 1922.

Makeopaca began at "the most eastward end of the beach called by the Indians Moeung, or "black miry place," that is, at the head of Harway basin, where the old Beach lane reached Gravesend bay. It extended eastward along the Gravesend Neck road as far as Strome kill, or Gerritsen basin, thus taking in the village-site at that place (50) . Passing up this creek the bounds …

A line drawn from the first point on the beach, through this tree, made the western boundary of Gravesend, "soe on a direct line to the Flatbush fence," which was struck at Foster avenue near Ooean parkway, meeting a similar line drawn on the east side from the head of Gerritsen creek through the white-oak tree first mentioned. The old path on the line of the King's highway …

The neck was probably an appurtenance of the natives of the Gerritsen Basin station, and its grantor, Guttaquoh, was perhaps the sachem of that settlement. Through these tracts the Gravesend Neck road connected the early settlements of Lady Moody and her companions, with the home and mill of Hugh Gerritsen at the Strome beach. It is so natural a line of travel, though it …

This extended east of Luna Park, where a small inlet set in from Coney Island creek on the line of Overton place. The eastern island was at first known as Gysbert's eylandt, and both were known as late as 1824 as Schryers hook. The island was doubtless reached from the mainland by a path which led direct from the site of Gravesend village (105) by what became later the old …

Beyond Gravesend the ancient path proceeded through New Utrecht to Nayack, and there afforded ready communication, by a short canoe trip across the Narrows, with the natives of Staten Island, and the Raritan and Navasink in eastern New Jersey. Indian Pond (106) is a picturesque little lake which is situated near Mechawanienck, now Kings highway, upon the boundary of Gravesend …

Its successor, the King's highway, made two sharp bends at Twentieth and at Eighteenth avenues, perhaps due to village developments or to cultivated tracts. From the turn at 20th street there extended to Gravesend beach a lane known as De Bruyn's (Brown's) lane. This was probably an Indian trail, and seems to indicate the existence of a native station preceding the …

The locality known as Nayack (68) is of particular interest as the refuge of the natives of Manhattan who made the sale of their home on the lower part of that island to Peter Minuit. The name denotes a point or angle of land, and as such may be appropriately applied to the Fort Hamilton tract, bounded probably by Dyker Heights Park on the south, and extending perhaps as far …

There was a deed of November 22, 1652, by Seisen and Mattano to Cornells Van Werckhoven for New Utrecht land "stretching from behind Mr. Paulus' land, called Gouwanis, across the hills to Mechawanienck, lying on the southeast side of Amersfoort and thence past Gravesend to the sea following the marks on the trees." This conveyance included all Bay Ridge and New Utrecht to the …

THE Borough of Queens, which is a part of the one-time county of that name, was added to the Metropolis in 1898. It is a very spacious tract, embracing within its area the old townships of Newtown, Flushing, Jamaica, and part of Hempstead, and the modern industrial district of Long Island City. It is divided from Kings county by a boundary-line drawn between the heads of …

Within the large territory much remains to be done in the direction of exploration and investigation, by which the limited information regarding its occupancy by the Indians may be considerably extended. The Rockaway, who are considered by Armbruster to have, been the Marechkawick of Brooklyn, or their near relations, were centered beyond the bounds of the Greater City at …

The name of the inlet, according to Tooker, bears some reference to a bad water place or swampy locality, which well describes the character of the borders of the creek and of its branches. The native names of three branches of Newtown creek have been preserved. Canapaukah, which seems to indicate a shut-in water place, was later Jknown as Dutch kills. This inlet extended in …

The position of that settlement is indicated by the discovery from time to time of native artifacts upon the Maspeth hills The situation also appears to have been desirable for native residence, as the creek provided fresh water at its source, and the elevation afforded a wide view over surrounding country. A village-site might have been looked for in the vicinity of Borden …

The only known station within this broad region is at Ravenswood Park (111), on the bank of the east channel of East river, where a shellheap indicates native residence, and some native objects were discovered by W. L. Calver. It is not possible to suggest any particular line of trail connecting this place with Mispat. The path, if such there was, wound its way through the …

It would seem natural for the neck of land which these creeks enclosed, to afford shelter to the aborigines, especially as the waters between the Hunters Point shore and that of Minnahanonck, or Blackwells island, must have afforded good fishing, and the shallows of Mespaetches should have been the nursery of countless oysters. Flushing bay would appear to have been a very …

The creek extended inland with deep windings to the Trains meadow, a large tract of marsh-land which is still in great part existing in its original condition, nlling the large basin of lowland now partly occupied by North Woodside, and extending as far north as the Flushing turnpike. On the east of this area the old Trains Meadow road made its crooked way between Maspeth and …

It became known later as the Jamaica and Brooklyn plank road, and sometimes as the Old Ferry road. In the village of Bedford it crossed, at the Four Corners, the junction of the Clove road, which was an old lane that may still be traced in part in the line of Canarsie avenue from Montgomery street southward to its old junction with the Canarsie lane, now the south boundary of …

This winding way was a very probable connection between the Maspeth station and the Rockaway path, with which it united at Euclid avenue in East New York. The Rockaway path crossed the boundary of the Borough of Queens, as does its successor Jamaica avenue, at Elderts lane, and passed thence almost due east toward Jamaica (101), skirting the south side of the Green hills …

It would seem probable that the Hewlett and the Near Rockaway stations would have been connected with Hempstead by some branch trail proceeding directly south from the Southern post-road at Hempstead, possibly along che Valley Stream road. The main path to those native settlements was doubtless by the route of the old highway from Jamaica which led direct to Rockaway neck, and …

In this district the Rockaway natives had several settlements, including a station on Hog island (54), and not far away an important fortified station situated on Hicks neck, both having access to saltwater on Hempstead bay. Direct communication was doubtless well established between the residents in these large settlements and those of their kinsfolk living near the waters of …

The exact location of the latter has not been recorded, but it would seem likely to have been at the intersection of the important paths which met at Flushing avenue and Fulton street. In the town of Flushing (53) some traces of native occupancy have been recorded. There was a tract on the north side of Broadway, cultivated in the eighteenth century as a horticultural …

The Matinecock were at one time numerous, and their villages and contiguous cultivated fields were scattered all over the territory they occupied, but disease and warfare so reduced their number that their planting land became waste and their homes were abandoned. The line of Broadway was evidently a natural line of travel between their Flushing settlement and their stations …

The two, however, were separated by the broad marshes extending on the west side of Flushing creek. Across part of this boggy tract a narrow neck of dry land extends nearly two-thirds of the distance, over which Broadway now makes its way, uniting Jackson avenue with Flushing avenue. A canoe ferry over the creek was doubtless a necessary supplement to travel by this route, an …

That legend recorded the pursuit by the natives of "Manetto," the Evil Spirit, through Westchester county to the Sound shore, where, escaping to City island, he stepped across to a safe retreat on Long Island by the use of the Stepping Stones, leaving the imprint of one foot which may still be seen upon a bowlder near Eastchester. He is said to have landed from his leap over …

Though its limited area offered relatively restricted facilities for wild animal life, the range of rugged hills that extend from its northeast corner at St George, to the old county town of Richmond near its center, probably sheltered quantities of small game and birds that supplemented the fish and shell-fish which teemed in the shallow waters surrounding the island and …

The native ownership of the borough was divided, its residents being members of several chieftaincies, who were settled upon that part of the coast contiguous to their mainland relatives, those on the north being the Hackensack and possibly the Tappan, those on the west and at the southern extremity the Raritan, and on the east and possibly in some inland positions, the …

Perhaps the animosity thus created and continued, and at any rate the contempt of the early settlers for all native subjects, led to the abandonment of the Indian names of their numerous stations, since none of them have been preserved, and their location has been decided only by the persistent efforts of interested archeologists. Similar neglect befell the native paths or …

Thus the mountainous range from St George to Richmond, and the extensive marshes of the Fresh kills extending therefrom to the Arthur kill, divide the island longitudinally and reduce the opportunity for convenient access from west to east to one or two passes which afforded reasonable grades, such as the Clove road. A trail over that pass would have connected the north and …

One of several stations at West New Brighton was situated on the shore at Peltons cove, or Upper cove (72), on the line of the present Shore road. A village of extensive character, and one which was asserted to have been the scene of important gatherings and ceremonies in ancient times, was situated at Cedar and Dongan streets, West New Brighton, and burials within its area …

A larger and more ancient village and burial place (73) was found at Bowmans brook (or Newtons creek), under the site of the Milliken Brothers' steel works, beyond which, at Western avenue and the Shore road, a more recent site was found. At Old Place (75) in the same district, on a sandy promontory known as Tunissens neck, a large village of ancient character existed. Farther …

It would seem probable that a trail may have connected these fishing stations with a large camp-site (90) not far from Richmond, at the Ketchum mill-pond, on Simonsons brook, and that an extension may have traversed the old Mill road to Richmond, and thence connected with the Amboy road, forming a short-cut across the center of the island. This, however, can be only …

The locality was favorable for such purposes, and it may well have been so utilized by the overflow population of the great settlement on Ward point (83) beyond Tottenville. This place, sometimes described as Burial ridge, was evidently of considerable importance and large extent. Recent explorations by the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, conducted by M. R …

At Princes bay (92) there are cultivable grounds, a fine water-supply, high banks and good fishing facilities, and along the banks several deposits have been noted that determine the presence of the red man. At Seguine point (93) there was a fishing camp, a site south of the Woods of Arden (94) at the mouth of the Great Kills, and another at Oakwood (95). At the head of that …

These are indicated in Map I on the lines of old roadways which suggest the most natural routes. INDIAN NOTES ( '1/ u to Hi ^> <1> > z o V4_ n >4- >, t ' » <tf c c -II < t </) ty BOLTON-- INDIAN PATHS IN THE GREAT METROPOLIS Part of PENStLVANI, Original map of eastern New Jersey, showing the extent and course of the Minisink path from Navesink to Minisink Island. (From James …

We find that the natives of the island held title on the west to a large part of the area of the towns of Woodbridge, Linden, and Elizabeth, and that those on the north were in close communication with their fellow AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS tribesmen of the Hackensack who were resident on Bergen neck. That promontory, bearing a singular topographical resemblance to …

Another station, whose existence is marked in our city's history by the black record of the indiscriminate slaughter of its occupants in 1643, was Aressick, or INDIAN NOTES NEW JERSEY Paulus hook (114), now included in the modern Jersey City, probably situated at a point about a block south and west of Exchange place. It was thus directly across the river from Werpoes, and is …

Direct progress toward the west from the stations on the bank of Hudson river along Bergen neck was barred to native travel by the extensive swamp-land that extended around the head of Newark bay for about sixteen miles inland to Hackensack. It was, perhaps, a common custom to transport goods and travelers by canoe across the Hackensack, which could have been best accomplished …

At modern Passaic the river takes a horseshoe turn around the site of the native station of Acquacanonck (70), the headquarters of the chieftaincy of that name. A short distance north of its junction with Saddle river there is a shallow place used as a ford in Colonial times, which was probably a crossing used by the Indians on their way to the homes of the Acquac anonck along …

There two known Indian trails diverged, one leading into the narrow valley of the Ramapo river through the heart of the mountains to the Highlands, and the other turning eastwardly along Mahwah creek directly to Haverstraw. Through these mountain trails there doubtless flowed a great part of the traffic that brought the pelts and game of the wild forests to Manhattan, and …

«... , .. i oaotprn New Jersey, embracing: the native sales of territory con- Onginal 1 map of a portion of .aster ^ ^ g ^ tiguous to Staten Island, showing a part 01 k r / 1750 as an exhibit in the Elizabeth boundary dispute. (Courtesy of the New York H.stoncal Society.) ., NEW JERSEY feature of east New Jersey that it appears prominently in ancient maps, such as that …

It relates to a dispute between the towns of Newark and Elizabeth as to their respective boundaries, and is evidently the work of some surveyor AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS acquainted with the historical side of the subject, as it records not only the boundaries but the dates and even some of the native names of the tracts purchased from the natives dwelling in the territory …

Keeping to the west side of Rahway river, it reached Springfield; thence it passed through the Short hills to Northfield and Livingston, where it crossed the Passaic into Morris county. Its course may be traced beyond that point by old roadways through Sussex county to the island of Minisink in Delaware river, which is situated halfway bebetween Hainesville and Milford.34 This …

Valentine 's Manual for 1865, pp. 572 and 652. 2. On the other hand, Mr M. R. Harrington, in a personal communication to the author, says of the name Werpoes or Worpus: "There seems to be nothing in recorded Delaware to help us here, but the Natick word waapu, 'raised up,' with the diminutive -s added, would seem to indicate 'a slight elevation.' This would accord with the …

It is most probable that it is a corruption of the prosaic menantachk indicating the "wooded swamp" through which the upper part of the brook meandered. -- M. R. Harrington. AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS 6. Aspetong; Ashpetong. An elevation, scarcely sufficiently conspicuous to deserve the name of a hill, seems to be indicated by the Delaware as pi, "lifted up," and the …

indicating a great space of sand, as has been suggested by Riker and others, the precise derivation appears to be the Delaware lexan-hannes-s or "sand-streamlittle," descriptive of the small creek that flowed between its sandy banks. Rechewas point thus appears as lexau-es or "little sand point." -- M. R. Harrington. 11. Conykeekst. The Delaware kwene-akies-k indicates the …

A more satisfactory definition of the name applied to this hilltop station than has been heretofore suggested, is found in the Delaware mbinishkeu, or as it appears in its Natick form, nip-nishkeneunque, signifying muddy or dirty water. This could be very reasonably applied to the rain-water pond which in certain seasons filled the hollow space back of the site of the old …

Bolton, Robert, History of Weschester County, 3d ed., ii, p. 578. 21. Skinner, op. cit., vol. v, no. 4, pt. 2, New York, 1919. 22. Bolton, Robert, History of Weschester County, 3d ed., vol. i, p. 686. 23. Furman, Gabriel, Antiquities of Long Island. 24. RlNNEGACONCK, RlNNEGOCONCK. The Delaware lenniga-xunk, or Bark-house hill, is a satisfactory and distinctive description …

33' Skinner, A nthropological Papers of the A merican Museum of Natural History, 1909. 34. Heye, G. G., and Pepper, G. H., Exploration of a Munsee Cemetery near Montague, New Jersey, Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, vol. ii, no. 1, New York. 1915. AND MONOGRAPHS BIBLIOGRAPHY Armbruster, Eugene L., History of Long Island, Brooklyn Daily …

City History Club, Historical Guide to the City of New York, 1913. Cook, Harry T., The Borough of the Bronx, 1639-1913, New York, 1913. Denton, Daniel, Description of New York, 1670, New York, 1845 (reprint). Flint, Martha B., Early Life on Long Island, New York, 1896. Furman, Gabriel, Antiquities of Long Island, New York, 1875. INDIAN NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY Hall, Edward Hagaman …

Innes, J. H., Ancient Newtown, The Newtown Register, Elmhurst, L. I., 1898-1899. , New Amsterdam and its People, New York, 1902. Jameson, J. F., Narratives of New Netherland, New York, 1909. Janvier, Thos. A., In Old New York, New York, 1900. Jenkins, Stephen, The Old Boston Post Road, New York, 1914. New York, 1911. 1912. AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Munsell, J., History of …

Schrabisch, Max, Indian Rock-shelters in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York, Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, vol. in, New York, 1909. , Indian Habitations in Sussex County. New Jersey, Geological Survey of New Jersey, Bulletin 13, Union Hill, N. J., 1915. Skinner, Alanson, Exploration of Aboriginal Sites at Throgs Neck and Clasons Point, New …

Trumbull, James H., Indian Names in Connecticut, Hartford, 1881. Ulmann, Albert, A Landmark History of New York, New York, 1901. Valentine, David T., History of the City of New York, New York, 1853. Van der Donck, Beschryving van Nieuw Nederland, Coll. N. Y. Hist. Soc, 2d series, vol. i, 1841. Waller, H. D., History of the Town of Flushing, Flushing, 1899. Whitehead, William …

In possession of the American Geographical Society. Brooklyn, The City of. Watson, 1879. Brooklyn, The City of. M. Dripps, 1853, 1871. Brooklyn, The City of. Alexander Martin, 1839. Elizabeth, N. J. An original map, apparently drawn about 1750, in possession of the New York Historical Society, showing the original purchases of lands from the Indian proprietors, and land in …

Valentine's Manual for 1853, p. 260. Manhattan Island, 1664. The Nicolls map. Monmouth, N. J., An orig nal survey of part of Monmouth county, 18th century, showing old roadways. In possession of the New York Historical Society. Mount Vernon, N. Y., and environs. Survey by William Bracher. Goldthwaite, 1890. New Jersey, by Robert Hornor. New Jersey, The Province of, by William …

Westchester county, Atlas of, by Jos. R. Bien. Published by Julius Bien, New York, 1893. Westchester county. Walling, 1863. AND MONOGRAPHS INDEX OF STATIONS ON THE MAPS Note: The numbers applied to the stations are those adopted in "New York City in Indian Possession" up to No. 27 and from >os. 50-58, 65-83, 86-97, new numbers being applied to stations not described in that …

See 15th Annual Report American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. 3. RECHTAUCEorRECHTANCK (Maps II; VIII, A). A village-site on Corlears hook, on Manhattan island. Natives who had INDIAN NOTES INDEX TO STATIONS taken refuge there were massacred by Dutch soldiery at the order of Governor William Kieft, 1643. The most natural position for such a station was near a fresh …

Montagnes point, "Little Sand Stream." The tract of marsh and upland extending south of Harlem kill to 91st street as far west as Fifth avenue, to Hellgate bay, on East river. This was the home district of Rechewac, chief of the Reckgawawanc, and was occupied by him and his people until 1669. It probably included a native village known as Konaande Kongh. 6. Ranachqua (Map VII …

village, the name of which was recorded, of extensive character, situated on a tract of sloping ground on the west side of the present Soundview avenue, where it is intersected by Leland avenue. The site was covered by about sixty lodges. In the vicinity, south of the village, there was probably an extensive plantingground. Fishing stations were situated along the shore, and …

This place is said to have been the site of a buryingground to which the natives brought their dead from the interior country. There are deposits of shells and scattered native objects along the shores of the point, indicating native occupancy. The probable site of the burial place is a mound facing Morris cove on the border of the marsh at the foot of the Ferris estate. The …

This village, the name of which is not recorded, was probably a principal station of the Siwanoy of the Bronx district, as they continued to occupy it until 1782. 14. Jeffreys hook (Map I). Manhattan Island, on the east bank of the Hudson, the modern Fort Washington point. A fishing station, evidenced by deposits of shells and charcoal, and by arrows found among the rocks on …

In the interior of the area a ceremonial site at 212 th street and sundry places marked by food-pits have been discovered. 16. Shorakapkok (Maps I, V). A name, fortunately preserved, applied to the locality under Inwood hill and to the western part of Spuyten Duyvil creek, on the bank of which, in the glen now called Cold Spring hollow, large deposits of debris, food-pits, and …

An important village-site on the west bank of" Mosholu brook, near the Van Cortlandt mansion in Van Cortlandt park. The title Keskeskick applied to the range of hills forming part of Kingsbridge, Fordham, and University Heights, probably as far south as Washington bridge. The village-site was close to the Van Cortlandt mansion. It was destroyed by grading the playing field …

Anns hook, possibly Asumsowis, the modern Pells point (Map VII, B), Pelham neck, or Rodmans neck. The site of a considerable station, explored by M. R. Harrington on the northeastern side of the neck, and evidenced by large masses of shells and charcoal, and several human burials. This may have been the place in Pelham known to the natives as Asumsowis, which Tooker …

Many objects plowed up in the course of cultivation in the vicinity are in possession of Mr. Ryder, resident nearby. Canarsee (Map VIII, D). The principal station of the chieftaincy known by that name. This is supposed to have been situated at or near the present locality known as Canarsie; but there being no natural water supply, it is evident that the name was that of a …

Austin states that these beds cover the area of the center of the island, and that they were probably debris from the manufacture of wampum. 53. Flushing (Map I). Site of a large village of the Matinecock chieftaincy. Armbruster (Hist. L. I., its Early Days, etc., 1914) says eleven native burials were disturbed within the area of the Linnaean gardens in 1841, and in 1880 a …

The greater part of these objects is in the American Museum of Natural History, and one fine pointedbottom jar is in the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation. 65. Mespaetches (Map VIII, B). The modern Maspeth. The name is applied to Newtown creek and the contiguous swampy area, and probably to the place of residence of some natives known as the Maspeth tribe. The …

Nayack (Map VIII, C). The name denoting a point of land, probably applied to the whole neck which now includes Bay Ridge and Fort Hamilton. The position of the native village to which INDIAN NOTES INDEX TO STATIONS the inhabitants of lower Manhattan retired is not known. It would have been favorably situated at the southeast end of the United States reservation near the water …

village-site and native burial-place existed at this point, which is the southern extremity of Bergen neck. It was so isolated from the neck by swamps extend ng from Bayonne to the Kill van Kull that it must have been reached mainly by canoe. Another occupied station is evidenced by shell-deposits on the west side of Bergen neck, at the right-of-way of the Central Railroad of …

At Arlington station, a native village-site, with human interments, was discovered and explored in 1901, and further developed in 1918 by Alanson Skinner. 75. Tunissens neck (Map I), or Old Place. A native site which yielded pottery, bone, and stone objects, indicating village life. ' 76. Watchogue (Map I). A camping site on Big Hummock, at Bloomfield, the name denoting "hill …

This very extensive native station is evidenced by masses of debris, accumulated to a considerable depth and spread irregularly over many acres. Part of the site was explored in 1898 by George H. Pepper, who discovered a number of burials, and many objects have since been unearthed through further exploration by M. R. Harrington for the Museum of the American Indian, Heye …

Princes bay, Princess bay (Map I). An unexplored site at the bay, and another site marked by a shell-pit and scattered objects on the shore halfway to the lighthouse, all indicate native stations, probably for fishing purposes. 93. Segulne point (Map I). A camp-site, probably a fishing station. 94. Woods of Arden (Map I). On the shore, near the mouth of Great kills, there is a …

street, probably near Second avenue, there was a small station or plantation, which may have been named from some nearby brook. (Colonial Docs. N. Y., vol. xiv, p. 110.) 100. Tubby hook (Maps I, V). At this point, extending into the Hudson river at Dyckman street, there was a very ancient station, the extensive deposits of debris being located on the shore of the "Little Sand …

103. Laaphawachking (Map VII, B). Pelham Bay park on the Bartow estate. A locality name probably applied to a quite important native site, close to the Shore road or Pelham Bridge road, within the Bartow property now owned by the City of New York. This site, which was discovered and explored by the Rev. W. R. Blackie, for the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation …

the gathering place known by the native name which denotes a place where public meetings took place. (See Colonial Docs. N. Y., vol. xiv. pp. 14, 36.) 105. Massabarkem or Gravesend (Map VIII, C). The village established by Lady Deborah Moody and her associated refugees. The acquisition of land conveyed a tract misspelled as above, but ind eating "land by the great water," and …

A locality at the Paardegat or Bedford creek, where it is crossed by the Flatlands AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Neck road. It was used as a boundarymark. 109. Sunset park (Map VIII, C). Bennywater pond, in Sunset park, west of Greenwood, was an Indian site located by Adam Dove, of Gowanus. Nearby, at 37th street near Sixth avenue, objects were disturbed, indicating the …

Pagganck (Maps II; VIII, A). Nutten island, Nut island, now Governors island. Owned and probably occupied by natives of the Marechkawick chieftaincy. 114. Aressick, or Paulus hook (Maps II; VIII, A). A native village was INDIAN NOTES INDEX TO STATIONS situated on this favorable promontory, which was acquired from the occupants by Director Kieft in 1638. It has a dramatic …

It was evidently a trading place, whence goods were transported across the Hudson to Sapohanikan (4), and by its position on the Bergen peninsula was best situated to foot travel toward the mountain regions north and west. 117. Marechkawick or Mareyckawick( Map VIII, A). The headquarters of the chieftaincy of that name, probably situated on the main trail from the ferry …

name indicating the situation of the crossing over the Aquehung or Bronx river, at or near Pelham parkway, of the path to Westchester. The nearest known station of the natives was that on the east side of the river (13). 120. Cowangongh (Map VII, A). A name applied to the place where the shore path, "Sachkerah," crossed the Bronx river at Williamsbridge, on the line of the …

A favorite locality for native occupancy, evidenced by abundant shell-deposits, and the signs of a village and burialground, probably of the Matinecock. 122a. Pudding rock (Map VII, C). A glacial bowlder, stated to have been used by natives as a resort, situated at the Boston road, south of East 166th street, Borough of the Bronx (Historical Guide to the City of New York, City …

See Mechawanienck Annadale road, 193, 234 Anns hook, 123, 227 Aqueduct avenue, 107 Aquehonga, 194 Aquehonga-Monacknong, 187 Aquehung, 104, 105, 240. See Bronx river Archer, John, 99 Areola, 201 Aressick, 198, 199, 238. See Paulus Hook Arlington Station, 191, 192, 232 INDIAN NOTES Armbruster,- Eugene L., 45, 130, 172, 173, 175, 183,229,235,236 Arrochar, 190, 195, 235 Arthur …

Bartow creek, 127 Bartow estate, 124, 236 Battery, the, 38 Battle pass, Prospect Park, 143, 147 Bay Forty-fifth street, 166 Bayonne, N. J., 198, 231 AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Bay Ridge, 143, 169, 230 Bayside, 172 Beach lane (Kings), 162, 166 Beach Park (Kings), 148, 150 Bear Swamp, 110, 111, 114, 224 Bear Swamp road, 224 Beaver Path, the, 236 Beaver pond, 180, 182, 235 …

Bloomfield road, 234 Bloomingdale crossroad, 63 Bogardus Corners, 233 Bolton, Rev. Robert, 128, 185 Bolton road, 84 Borden avenue (Queens), 174 Borough of Bronx, 25, 30, 47, 90, 98, 102, 104, 107, 109, 110, 176, 224, 241 Borough of Brooklyn, 25, 39, 50, 51, 55, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 137, 140, 143, 145, 170, 172, 174, 186, 230, 238 Borough of Queens, 145, 171, 174, 179, 180 …

Bronx borough, see Borough of Bronx Bronx kills, 105-106 Bronx Park, 104, 110, 111 Bronx river, 99, 100, 104, 105, 109, 111, 113, 118, 240 Brookland, 139 Brooklyn, see Borough of Brooklyn Brooklyn Bridge, 134 Brooklyn Heights, 136 Brooklyn path, 178 Brooklyn plank-road, see Jamaica and Brooklyn plank road. Brosewere bay, 229 Brower's mill, 139 Brown estate, 224 Brown's lane …

See Castle Point (Bronx) Castle Point (Bronx), 114, 222 Castle Point (N. J.), 199, 239 Castle Point road (Bronx), 114 Castleton avenue, 192 Castuteeuw, or Kes-asketu, 156 Catiemut hill, 54 Cave, Indian, see Indian Cave, the Cedar street (S. I.), 191 Cemetery of the Holy Cross, Flatbush, 178 Center street, 42 Centerville, 198 Central Park, 62, 68, 69, 71 Central Railroad of New …

See Gamoenepa Concourse, see Grand Concourse Coney Island, 157, 162, 165 Coney Island creek, 165 Coney Island Jockey Club, 164 Connecticut, 121 Constable point, 198, 231 Continental Village, 92 Conykeekst, 72, 73, 74, 235 Cool, Cornells, 144 Cooper street, 86 Corlears hook, 56, 67, 134, 220 Cornells creek, 113, 115 Corona (Queens), 175, 184 Corsa lane, 122 Corsons brook, 234 …

See Lenni Lenape Belaware river, 22, 205 Bepot lane, 79 Bevoes point, 108 Bickey estate, 222 Bivision street, 55 Bobbs Ferry, 92 Bongan Patent of 1685, 153 Bongan street, 191 Bosoris, 183 Boughty, Elias, 99, 101 Bouglaston, 241 . See Little Neck Bove, Adam, 130, 142, 238 Bover street, 50, 55 Bownings brook, 111, 224 Brake Park, 110 Buane street, 47, 49, 53, 220 Bunham avenue …

60, 66, 68, 69, 121-122, 131, 134, 137, 140, - 151, 171, 175, 184, 185, 221, 238 East Sixth street, Mt. Vernon, 120. See Old Boston Post Road Echo bay, 228 Eighth Regiment Armory, 103 Eighth street, west (Kings), 166 Eighteenth avenue (Kings), 167 Eighty-first street, 66 Eighty-first street (Kings), 167 Eighty-second street, 66 Eighty-third street, 66 Eighty-third street …

Fitch, John, 46 Flatbush, 147, 148, 163, 178 Flatbush avenue, 140, 141, 143, 147, 148, 151, 154, 236 Flatlands, 132, 140, 145, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 162, 170, 228, Flatlands Neck road, 148, 151, 153, 236, 237- Flushing, 171, 172, 173, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 229 Flushing avenue, 146, 179, 182, 184 Flushing bay, 175, 176, 177, 185 Flushing creek …

178, 188, 230 Fort Hamilton parkway, 156 Fort Independence, 116 Fort Number One, 97 Fort of 1812, 72 Fort Washington, 80 Fort Washington Park, 79 Fort Washington Point, 79, 224 Forty-first street, 66 Forty-fourth street 65 Forty-seventh street, 66 Forty-eighth street, 65, 66 Foster avenue, 148, 163 Four Corners, the, 178 Fourteenth street, east, 64, 235 Fourth avenue, 65, 66 …

Gerritsen creek, 151, 163 Gerritsen, Hugh, 158, 160, 164 Gerritsen, Wolphert, 44 Getty square, Yonkers, 226 Giles street, 116 Glovers rock, 127 Godwin, Joseph, 88 Godwin's island, 88 Goodrich map, 165-166 Gouwane, Chief, 238. See Gowanus Gouwanis chieftaincy, 169 Governors island, 153, 238. See Nut island, Nutten island Gowahasuasing, 83 Gowanus, Gowanes, Gouwanes, 133, 136 …

Green Wood point, 146 Grenen Hont Punt, see Greenpoint Gunhill Road, 117, 240 Guttaquoh, a sachem, 164 Gysbert's eylandt, 165 Hackensack, 50, 198, 199, 200 Hackensack (chieftaincy), 188, 190, 221, 232 Hackensack river, 198, 200, 201, 205 Hainesville (N. J.), 205 Hall, Dr. Edward Hagaman, 86, 97 Hall of Records, 54 Hamilton, Alexander, 77 Hamilton square, 66 Hamon place, 142 …

Hell Gate, 36, 69, 70, 71, 178, 184, 185, 186 Hellgate bay, 221 Hempstead, 171, 180 Hempstead bay, 181 Henderson street, Hoboken, 199, 239 Henry street, 56, 221 Hewlett, 172, 180, 181, 229 Hicks neck, 181 Highbridge, 107, 108 Highlands, 92, 202 High sandy banks, see Aquehonga Hills of Jochem Pieter, 76 Hobokan, 59, 239 Hobokan Hackingh, 199, 239 Hoboken, 39, 199, 221, 239 …

Hunts Point, 105, 109, 110, 222 Hunts Point road, 109, 222 Hutchings, John, 46 Hutchinson, Mrs. Ann, 123, 124, 227 Hutchinson river, 30, 111, 119, 120, 121, 123. See Acqueanounck Hyatt tavern, 86 Indian cave, 84, 225 Indian pond, 166, 237 Indian trail, 72 Institute Park, 147 * Intervale avenue, 105 INDIAN NOTES In wood,. 80, 81, 95 Invvood hill, 83, 84, 225 Iroquois, 91 Isham …

Journeay avenue, 193, 234 Jumel, Madame, 78 Ka, a sachem, 144 Kakapetteyno, a sachem, 152 Kalch Hoek, 42, 43, 137, 220 Kamingh, Zemo, or Kaus Hansen, 143 AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Kappock street, 97 Kapsee, Kap-se, 33, 51, 220 Kaus Hansen, see Hansen, Kaus Kearney (N. J.), 200 Kenrom, an Indian, 143 Kents neck (N. J.), 204 Kes-asketu or Castuteeuw, 156 Keskaechquerem …

See Post-road Kips bay, 66, 67 Kissing Bridge, 66 Knoll, The, 80 Kolch hill, 44, 45, 47 Kolch pond, 44, 53, 54, 220 Konaande Kongh, Konaandekong, 63, 68, 70, 71, 221 Konstabelsche hook, 96. See Berrians neck Kreischerville, 194 INDIAN NOTES Laaphawachking, 124, 236 Labadist monks. See Sluyter and Dankers Lafayette avenue, 192 Lafayette street, 47 Lake lane, 162, 166 Lakes …

Long Island Railroad, 146 Long Island Sound, 21, 36, 121, 125, 177, 181, 185, 223 Long Neck, 193, 232 Lower bay, 36 AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Lower path, 102, 107, 109 Lubbersen, Lubbertse, Lubbertsen, Frederick, 137-138, 139, 230 Ludovics brook, 176. See Wessels brook Luna Park, Coney Island, 165 Macomb's Dam Park, 108 McGown's . (McGowan's) pass, 31, 61, 67, 72, 75 …

Marble Hill, 81, 82, 85, 86, 100, 224 INDIAN NOTES Marechkawick, Mareyckawick, Marychkenwingh, 132, 133, 135, 137, 169, 170, 172, 230, 238, 239 Marechkawingh, 137 Mariners Harbor, 191, 192, 232 Market street, 56 Marlboro, 237 Marsh View farm, 120 Marychkenwingh, see Marechkawick Mashanscomacocke, 159 Maspeth, 174, 177, 179, 230 Maspeth creek, 174 Maspeth tribe, 230 …

Mill road (S. I.), 193 Milliken Brothers' Steel Works, 192 Minetta, 60 Minisink, 203 Minisink, island of, 205 Minisink path, 21, 39, 195, 202, 204 Minnahanonck, 176, 238. See Black wells island Minsi, 201 Minuit, Peter, 43, 50, 168 Mishow, 125, 227, 228. See Hunter island Mispat, 173-175, 177 Mitchel square, 78 Moeung, 162 Mohawk, 19, 40, 57, 92, 96 Montagne family, 68, 75 …

Narrioch, 164, 165, 231 Narrioch neck, 162 Narrows lane (Kings), 144 Narrows, The, 33, 39, 166 Nassau street, 53, 54 Navasink, 166, 203 Navasink river, 203 Navy Yard, 134 Nayack, 50, 131, 132, 144, 145, 166, 168, 169, 170, 188, 230, 234 Near Rockaway, 172, 180. See Far Rockaway, Rechquakie, Rockaway, Rockaway Beach, Rockaway Point Nechtank, 57. See Naghtongh Negro Fort, 117 …

Newtown creek, 171, 173, 230 Newtown inlet, 60 Newtown road, 145, 179 New Utrecht, 140, 148, 151, 156, 166, 167, 168, 169, 237 New York and Harlem Railroad, 118 New York Bay, 166, 177, 197, 202 New York Catholic Protectory, 115 New York Central Railroad, 86 New York commons, 66 New York Historical Society, 203 New York, Westchester and Boston Railway, 119, 226 Nichols …

See Westchester Old Boston Post-road, 120 See Boston Postroad, Boston Road Old Ferry point, 113, 223 Old Ferry road, 178 Old Place, 191, 192, 232 Old Point Comfort tavern, 122 Old Wreck brook, 55 One Hundredth street, 68, 70 One Hundred Third street, 69 One Hundred Fourth street, 72 AND MONOGRAPHS 'A INDIAN PATHS One Hundred Fifth street, 67, 68 One Hundred Seventh street, 67 …

One Hundred Sixty-eighth street, 78 One Hundred Sixty-ninth street, 107, 108 One Hundred Seventy-third street, 79 One Hundred Seventy-sixth street, 79 One Hundred Seventy-seventh street, 79, 109 One Hundred Seventy-ninth street, 79 One Hundred Eightieth street, 79 One Hundred Eighty-first street, 79, 109 One Hundred Eighty-second street, 109 One Hundred Ninety-fifth street, 80 …

Pelham, 30, 99, 126, 128, 227 Pelham avenue, 103 Pelham Bay, 125, 127 Pelham Bay Park, 227, 236 Pelham-Bay-View Park, 122 Pelham Bridge road, 236 Pelham Heath Inn, 122 Pelham Manor, 121, 123, 125, 127 Pelham neck, 123, 185, 227 Pelham Parkway, 104, 111, 122, 240 - AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Pelham Road, 127 Pell, Thomas, 123, 124 Pells point, 227 Peltons cove, 191, 231 …

Prescott avenue, 84 Princes bay, Princess bay, 195, 234 Prospect avenue (Kings), 147 Prospect Hill road, 123 Prospect Park, 141, 143, 147 Prospect reservoir, 147 INDIAN NOTES Prospect street (Kings), 141 Public School No. 1, 120, 121 Public School No. 24, 97 Pudding rock, 241 Pugsley creek, 115 Quandoequareous, 173 Queens, see Borough of Queens Queensboro bridge , 173, 175 …

94, 107, 221, 225, 226 Red Hook, 137, 140, 141 Red Hook lane, 138, 139, 141 Revolution, the, 107, 117, 147 Richardson house, 110, 222 Richmond, 39, 187, 190, 193 Richmond avenue, 196 Richmond creek, 234 Richmond Hill, 179 Richmond Plank road., 234 Richmond road, 190 Richmond turnpike, 190 Riker, James, 32, 72, 75 Rikers island, 176 Rinnegaconck, 134, 141, 153, 230 Riverdale …

Raymond's cemetery, 112, 113, 236 Sandberg, 60 Sand hill, see Sandberg Sandy brook, 194, 233 Sandy Ground, 233 Saperewack, 82, 86, 100. See Marble Hill Sapohanikan, Sappokanikke, 58, 59,63.221, Sassian's maize-land. 138 Sawmill river, 95 Schenck, Captain John, 161 Schoolcraft, H. R., 57, 60 Schreyers hoek, Schryers hook, 51, 165, 220 Screven residence, 114, 223 Screvens point …

Shore Line railroad, 142, 232 Shore path, 100, 101, 102, 116, 118, 121, 122 123, 241 Shore road, 30, 31, 33, 99, 124, 236 Shore road (S= I.), 191, 192 Short Hills (N. J.), 201, 205 Shrewsbury river, 22 Silver Lake, 190, 192, 233 Silver street, 111, 122 INDIAN NOTES Simonsons brook, 193, 234 Sint Sinck, 176 Siwanoy, 34, 40, 99, 101, 104, 107, 110, 112. 113, 114, 116, 119, 122 …

South river, see East River South street (Queens), 182 South Seventh street, Mt. Vernon, 119 South Twelfth avenue, Mt. Vernon, 119 South Williamsburg, 146 Southern boulevard, 104, 109 Split Rock, 123-124, 127, 227 AND MONOGRAPHS INDIAN PATHS Spring Creek, 171 Springfield (N. J.), 205 Spuyten Duyvil, 32, 75, 83, 95, 96, 225 Spuyten Duyvil creek, 82, 83, 90, 102, 225 Squam …

Third avenue, 65, 66, 70, 103, 109 Third avenue (Kings), 142, 169, 238 INDIAN NOTES Third street (Kings), 140 Thirtieth street, 65 Thirty-first street, east (Kings), 148 Thirty-second street, 66 Thirty-fifth street (Kings), 144 Thirty-seventh street, 65 Thirty-seventh street (Kings), 142, 143. 238 Thirty-eighth street, 66 Thirty-eighth street (Kings), 238 Thirty-ninth street …

Twenty-sixth street, east (Kings), 147 Twenty-eighth street, 65 Twenty-ninth street, 66 Twin islands, 125, 227 Two Hundred First street, 225 Two Hundred Fourth street, 84, 87 Two Hundred Seventh street, 84, 86 Two Hundred Eighth street, 225 Two Hundred Ninth street, 85, 225 Two Hundred Twelfth street, 85, 225 Two Hundred Thirteenth street, 225 Two Hundred Seventeenth street …

Upper cove, 231. See Peltons cove Utrecht.. 163. See New Utrecht Valentine avenue, 103 Valentine-Briggs farmhouse, 103 Valeyen, 70 Valley grove, 147 Valley Stream, 38, 229 Valley Stream road, 180 Van Brunt lane, 169 Van Corlaer, Jacobus, 156 Van Cortlandt, Frederick; 93, 94, 226 Van Cortlandt avenue, 117 Van Cortlandt Park, 92, 226 Vanderbeeck, Paulus, 143 Vanderbilt avenue …

Weir creek, 112, 113, 224 Werpoes, Wrerpos (Manhattan), 43, 48; 49, 50, 53, 57, 199, 220 Werpoes hill, 134 Werpos, Worpus (Brooklyn), 50, 137, 138. 139, 141, 230 Wessels brook, 176. See Ludovics brook Wessels mill, 177 Westchester, 98, 100, 102, 110, 111, 112, 120. 121, 122, 226, 240 Westchester avenue, 109, 110, 114. 115 Westchester bridge, 112 Westchester county, 185, 227 …