O'Callaghan, E.B., ed. The Documentary History of the State of New York, Vol. I. Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co., 1849.
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Boston, which was settled in 1630, is found laid down, but there is no mention of Maryland, the Province of Virginia forming the southern Boundary of New Belgium. As Maryland was first granted in that and the settlement of Boston. 1632, it is evident the date of this Map must be some year between Most probably, it was engraved in 1631. In point of time, it may be considered …
Nicoll and Andros' reports on the Province of New- York, 1669-1678, ...... V. Papers relating to M. de la Barre's expedition to Hungry Bay, 1684, VI. Governor Dongan's report on the state of the Province, 1687, VII. Papers relating to Denonville's expedition to the Genesee Country and Niagara, 1687, VIII. Names of the male inhabitants of Ulster Co., 1689, New- York and IX …
Papers relating to French Seigniories on Lake Champlain, XX. Boundary line between the whites and the Indians, 1765, »---.-.---- XXI. Papers relating to the city of New-York, XXII. Papers relating to Long Island, XXIII. Statistics of population, 1647-1774, XXIV. Statistics of revenue, imports, exports, etc., 1691-1768, XXV. Papers relating to trade and manufactures, 1705-1757 …
The Iroquois Nation consists of nine tribes, which form two divisions; one of four tribes, and the other of five. They call the first division Guey-niotiteshesgue, which means the four tribes; and the second division they call it Ouiche-niotiteshesgue, which means the five tribes. The first is that of the Tortoise, which calls itself Atiniathin. It is the first, because they …
These four tribes compose of the Tortoise tribe. the first division, which they call Guey-niotiteshesgue. SECOND DIVISION. The fifth tribe is that of the Deer, which they call Canendeshe. The sixth is that of the Potatoe, which they call Schoneschioronon. The seventh is that of the Great Plover, which they call Otinanchahe. The eighth is that of the Little Plover, which they …
When the matter on which they have met has been discussed on one side and the other, they accompany the decision with much ceremony. The Division which decides the matter gives two opinions, so that the best may be adopted, and offers all possible opposition in proposing its opinions, in order to shew that it has well considered what it says. They adopt, usually, the first …
They generally have a rendezvous when they propose to strike a blow, where in case of pursuit, they leave a part of their clothes and ammunition. When they fight, they are very Molochs, and have merely the waistcloth on, with a pair of mocasins on the feet. When the expedition is numerous they often leave a party a hundred or a hundred and fifty leagues (lieues, qy. paces'?) …
If there be several tribes in the war party, each paints the animal of his tribe with the scalps and prisoners it has made, as before, but always after that which is head of the party. When they have scalps they give them to one or two men who suspend them behind them to their girdle. These men who carry these scalps follow the others at a distance, that is to say, at a …
They tie the prisoners to stakes set in the ground, into which they fix their leg or rather foot, and They place a man at each side who stake is closed by another tied together at a man's height. sleeps near them and who is careful to visit the prisoners from time to time during the night. tliis When they have lost any men on the field of battle they paint the men with the …
which the wounded belong with an arrow piercing the part in which the wound is located; and if it be a gunshot they make the mark of the ball on the body of a different color. m -- THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. If they have sick, and are obliged to carry them, they paint litters (boyards) of the same number as the sick, because they carry only one on each litter. When …
When he is burnt up to the stomach they detach him, break all his fingers, raise the scalp which was left hanging behind by a small tongue of skin to the head. They put him to death in these agonies, after which each takes his morsel and proceeds to make merry. Explanation of the First Designs. A. This is a person returning from war who has taken a prisoner, killed a man and a …
about it with his brother, the Beaver. K. Council for affairs of state. M. The Bear. N. The Council fire. 0. The Tortoise; so of the other tribes, each ranges at its own side. P. Canoe going to war. Q. Paddles. They know hereby how many men there are in the canoe, because they place as many paddles as there are men. Over these is painted the animal of the tribe to which they …
As regards the dead, they inter them with all they have. When it is a man they paint red calumets, calumets of peace on the tomb; some times they plant a stake on which they paint how often Three or four miles. Colden. THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. he has been in battle; how many prisoners he has taken; the post ordinarily is only four or five feet high and much …
He has gone back to fight without having entered his village. f. A man whom he killed on the field of battle who had a bow and arrows. g. These are two men whom he took prisoners, one of whom had a hatchet, and the other a gun in his hand. g. g. h. This is a woman who is designated only by a species of waistcloth. This is the way they distinguish her from the men. Such is the …
say if they are three men, they paint three guns, if they are more and there are some who have a bow and no gun, they put down a bow. When they return from hunting and are near the village they do the same thing and add the number of beasts they have killed -- that is to say, they paint the Deer, and the Stag from the head to the neck; if some are male they add antlers; they …
above the ankle, and they afterwards join one to the other and tie them at a man's height sometimes higher, so that it is impossible to withdraw the foot without untying the cords. OBSERVATIONS OF WENTWORTH GREENHALGH, A JOURNEY FROM ALBANY TO Y e INDIANS, WESTWARD ; BEGUN MAY 20 th 1677, AND ENDED JULY Y e 14, FOLLOWING. Lond. Doc. III. ] [ The Maquaes have four townes, vict …
Canajorha is also singly stockadoed; and the like man r of ports and quantity of houses as Canagora; the like situacon; only about two miles distant from the water. is situated Tionondogue is double stockadoed around, has four ports, four foot wide a piece, contains a bt 30 houses; is scituated on a hill a bow shott from y e Eiver. The small village is without ffence, and …
Their Corne grows round about the towne. They The Onondagoes have butt one towne, butt itt is very large; consisting of about 140 houses, nott fenced; is situate upon a hill thatt is very large, the banke on each side extending itself att least two miles, all cleared land, whereon the corne is planted. They have likewise a small village about two miles beyond thatt, consisting …
They do in all consist of about 100 houses; they ly about 60 miles to the southward of y e Onondagos; they intend the next spring to build all their houses together and stockade them; they have abundance of Corne; they ly within two or three miles of the lake Tichero. They pass for about 300 fighting men. The Senecques have four townes, vict. Canagora, Tiotohatton, Canoenada …
ly with. Tiotohattan lyes on the brincke or edge of a hill; has not much cleared ground; w ch signifies bending. is near the river Westward of Canagorah about 30 miles, containing e largest of all the houses wee saw, y e ordinary being 50 @ 60 foot long about 120 houses, being y with 12 @ 13 fires in one house. They have good store of corne, growing about a mile to the …
The 18 th going to Canagorah, wee overtook y e prisoners; when the soudiers saw us they stopped each his prisoner, and made him sing, and cutt off their fingers, and slasht their bodies w th a knife, and when they had sung each man confessed how many men in his time hee had killed. Thatt day The cruelty att Canagorah, there were most cruelly burnt four men, four women and one …
Les Montagneurs & Onondago town By the name La Montagne of Les Petuneurs Caiougos Les Paisans Senecques Jaques Cangaro St. Tiotehatton La Conception The above paper will be found also in Chalmers' Political Annals, in which, however, GreenThat paper diners likewise in other respects from the MS. now followed. halgh's name is misspelt. Note. ENUMERATION OF THE INDIAN TRIBES …
The armorial bearings (Totums) of this Nation, which is divided into two sections, are the Pigeon (tourtre) and the Bear. There are besides some tribes who carry the Partridge, the Beaver and the Otter. [Vol. i.] THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. The Algonquins. fifteen men. - -... At Three Rivers. See Montreal. The Tetes de Boule or Tribes of the Interior. These are …
They are twenty men settled with the Iroquois of the Two Mountains ; this is all that remains of a nation the most warlike, most polished and the most attached to the French. They haVe for armorial bearings an Evergreen Oak (chine vert.) - At the Lake of the Two Mountains. The Nepissingues. A part of this Tribe is incorporated with the Iroquois. has its village at the lake of …
exclusively the village are nearly three hundred and three - bearing arms. These two villages proceeding from the Iroquois of Lake Ontario, or Frontenac, have the same armorial devices. Three principal tribes carry the Wolf, the Bear and the Tortoise. --Argent, to the Wolf gules, &c. They usually ornament them merely with charcoal. Note. The Ch-eat River of the Outawas. At …
River Missisague. The Missisagu<§s on the river number thirty men, and twenty men on the Island called Manitouatim of Lake Huron. And have for device, a Crane. Lake Superior At --At the Mouth. Sault St. Mary are the Sauteurs, to the number of thirty ; they are in two divisions, and have for devices, the Crane and the Vine, (la Barbue.) - North of this Lake is Michipicoton. The …
They have for device, a The tribes of the Savannas, one hundred and forty warriors strong, have for armorial device, a Hare. ,""" - Gamanettigoya. The Ouace" are in number sixty men, and have for device a Vine, (une Barbue.) Tecamamiouen, or Rainy Lake --(Lac de la Pluie.) ---------- These savages are the same as those who come to Nepigon. number of one hundred men. --(Lac …
they are computed at three hundred men, The Scioux of the Prairies are, in the opinion of voyageurs, over two thousand men, - - Their armorial devices are the Buffalo, the Black Dog, and the Otter. The Assenipoels, or Pouans according to others, can vie with the Scioux, from whom they They number one hundred and fifty to the south of Lake formerly sprung. Ounepigon, and have …
a species of Eagle (the most beautiful bird of this country,) perched on a cross. In explanation of a cross forming the armorial bearings of the savages, it is stated that formerly a Chief of the Folles Avoines finding himself dangerously sick, consented, after trying the ordinary remedies, to see a Missionary, who, cross in hand, prayed to God for his recovery, and obtained …
The Kickapous, formerly their allies, may be eighty men. They bear for device the Pheasant ------------- and the Otter, The Maskoutin has for armorial device the Wolf and the Stag. sixty men, ------ This nation is estimated at River St. Joseph, south of Lake Michigan. The Potte8atamies, who call themselves the Governor's eldest sons, compose the village of St. Joseph, to the …
Some Iroquois, to the number of eight or ten men have retired to tills quarter. Their device is without doubt, like that of the village from which issue the Deer, the Plover, &c, as hereafter, __-_- Lake Ontario, or south of Frontenac. There are no more Iroquois settled. The Mississagues are dispersed along this lake, some at Kente, others at the River Toronto, and finally at …
The Mohawks, towards New-England, not far from Orange (Albany) are eighty men, and have for device of the village a Battefeu [ a Steel ] and a flint, The Oneidas, their neighbours, number one hundred men or a hundred warriors, This village has for device a Stone in a fork of a tree, or in a tree notched with some blows of an axe. The Cayugas form a village of one hundred and …
The five villages wMch belong to the same tribe, have for their arms in common, Besides the arms of each village, each tribe has particular mark to designate him. -- the Plover, to wMch I belong ; » the Bear, the Tortoise, the Eel, the Deer, the Beaver, the Potatoe, the Falcon, the Lark, and the Partridge. M. de Joncaire, the supposed author of this Report, is here thought to …
--may be fifty men. am ignorant of them. - The Miamis have for device the Hind and the Crane. These are the two principal tribes. There is likewise that of the Bear. They are two hundred men, bearing arms. The Ouyattanons, Peanguichias, Petikokias, are the same Nation, though in different villages. They can place under arms three hundred and fifty men. The devices of these …
The Pouteouatamis have a village there of one hundred and eighty men.* vice the Golden Carp, the Frog, the Crab, the Tortoise. River St. Joseph.") They bear for de- (See South of Lake Michigan; - ------ The Outawas there have two villages, composed one of the tribe of Sinagos the other of Kiskakous, and may count two hundred warriors. They have the same devices as those of …
I do not know, on the South side, but the Outawas, who have at Saguinan a village of eighty men, and for device the Bear and Squirrel. 15955 Less, 15875 Remark. All the Northern Nations have this in common that a man who goes to war denotes himself as much by the device of his wife's tribe as by that of his own, and never marries a woman who carries ; a similar device to his …
NOV. 18, 1763. [ Lond. Doc. XXXVI. ] SIX NATION CONFEDERACY COMPREHENDING THAT OF CANADA, OHIO, &c. Number Names. Mohocks, of Men. Scituation. with a few emigrants at Schohare about 16 miles from Fort Hunter. Oneidas, Two villages, one 25 miles from Fort Stanwix, the other twelve miles west of Oneida Lake, with emigrants in several places towards the Susquehanna river …
Have several villages, beginning about Of the Senecas, two villages are still in to the Susquehanna. 50 m. from Cayuga, and from thence to Chenussio, the largest about 70 m. from Niagara, with others thence to the Ohio. Oswegachys, our interest, vizt. Kanadasero and Kanaderagey, the rest have joined the Western Nations. Emigrants from the Six Nations chiefly These are at peace …
Caghnawaga is the seat of a Mission, as is the These three Nations now reside togeth- village of Lac du deux Montagnes. er, at the Lac du deux Montagnes at the mouth of the Ottawa river near Montreal. Abenaquis, Their village having been burned at St. These Indians are originally from NewEngland: if they were all collected Francis below Montreal during the war, they have since …
These people are greatly influenced by the Senecas, and reside on lands allotted them by the permission of the In several villages on and about the Susquehanna, Muskingham, ettc. and Six Nations. They are now at war with the English. thence to Lake Erie. Wiandots, ettc. Some Total, There are also in the Six Nation Confederacy, many Indians bers cannot be computed as they have …
Resided about Detroit, but with . residing in the neighbourhood of . former, form a flying camp. Detroit. the With these and the above Indians are joined several others, who form a flying camp under Pondiac, an Ottawa Chief. In the neighbourhood of Michili Resided in different villages, but are The Ottawas in the neighbourhood of now probably with the former. Michi …
of La Baye at Lake Michigan and in the neighborhood of the Fort there. Foxes T wight wees, Near the Fort on the Miamis river. Kickapous Mascoutens Piankashaws Wawiaglitonos These nations reside in the neighbourhood of the Fort at Wawaighta, and about the Walache river. Sakis . with the Ottawa Confederacy, but appear inclined to our interest, nor did they take the Fort at La …
Lake Superior, ettc. ple, who are scattered throughout the Northern Parts and who having few places of fixed residence, subsisting entirely by hunting, cannot be ascertained as those ot their confederacy, residing near the outposts. THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. OTTAWA CONFEDERACY-- continued. Number Names. of men. Scituation. Remarks. Reside about the Illinois River …
VOYAGE OF FATHER SIMON LE MOINE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE IROQUOIS ONONDAGOES, IN JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1654. [Relation de la N. France es annees, 1653 and 1654.] On the second day of the month of July, the festival of the Visitation of the Most Holy Virgin always friendly to our undertakings, Father LeMoine departed from Quebec on a voyage to the Iroquois Onondagoes. He …
At night, an army of troublesome musquitoes foreboded the rain which poured down on us the whole of the night. To be in such circumstances without any shelter except the leagues in length. trees, which Nature has produced ever since the creation of the world, is a pastime more innocent and agreeable than could be anticipated. 20th. Nothing but islands, in appearance the most …
Our pilot being hurt, we must remain a prey to the musquitoes, and have patience, often more difficult in regard to the inconveniences which have no intermission neither night nor day, than to behold death before one's eyes. 25th. The river is so very rapid that we are obliged to throw ourselves in the stream to drag our canoe after us, amid the rocks, as a cavalier …
they are rocks on one side and the other, of an immense height, now frightful, now pleasing to the sight. root among so many rocks. It is wonderful how large trees can find Thunder, lightning and a deluge of rain oblige us to shelter ourselves under our canoe, 28th. which being inverted, serves us for a house. 29th and 30th July. A rain storm continues, which arrests us at the …
On the first day of the month of August, some Iroquois fishermen having perceived us from a One of them runs towards us, advancing a half a league to communicate the earliest news and the state of the country. It is a Huron prisoner, and a good distance, get together to receive us. Christian, whom I formerly instructed during a winter that I passed among the savages. lad could …
An Iroquois whom I at one time had treated kindly at Montreal, put me across in his canoe, and through respect carried me on his Every one received me with joy, and these shoulders, being unwilling to suffer me to wet my feet. conducted to another village a league distant, from their poverty. was enriched me people poor feast consideration who made a for me because I bore his …
We had to make four leagues before arriving at the principal Onondaga village. nothing but comers and goers on the road who come to salute me. One treats me as brother another A quarter of a league from the village I as uncle never did I have such a number of relations. much credit. named all the Chiefs; the families and persons began a harangue, which gained me of note in a …
At night our host draws me aside and tells me very affectionately that he always loved us, that that finally his heart was satisfied, seeing all the tribes of his nation demanded nothing but peace the Seneca had recently come to exhort them to manage this matter well for peace, and that with that view he had made splendid presents that the Cayuga had brought three belts for …
She had so well instructed her in the mysteries of the faith, and in sentiments of piety, in the praywas much surprised. Eh sister, I asked, why did you not baptise her, since she has the faith like you, and she is Christian in her morals, and she wishes Alas, brother, this happy captive replied, I did not think it was allowed me to die a Christian 1 Baptise her now, yourself …
On the 10th day of August, the deputies of the three neighbouring Nations having arrived, after the usual summons of the Chiefs that all should assemble in Ondessonk's cabin, I opened the proceedings (says the Father, continuing his Journal) by public prayer, which I said on my knees and in a loud voice, all in the Huron tongue. I invoked the Great Master of heaven and of …
mouth, and then the Hurons and the Algonquins as well as the French, for all these three nations had Onnonthio for their- Great Chief. A large belt of wampum, one hundred little tubes or pipes of red glass, the diamonds of the country, and a caribou's hide being passed : these three presents made but one word. My second word was, to cut the bonds of the eight Seneca prisoners …
The twelfth present was to heal the head of the Seneca who had lost some of his people. The thirteenth, to strengthen his palisades to wit, that he may be in a state of defence against -- ; the enemy. The fourteenth, to ornament his face : for it is the custom of warriors here never to go to battle unless with the face painted, some black, some red, others with various other …
warriors for the death Finally, by the nineteenth present I wiped away the tears of all the young Nation. Cat the of their great Chief Annencraos, a short time prisoner with of At each present they heaved a powerful ejaculation from the bottom of the chest in testimony a Chief, and walking about I was full two hours making my whole speech, talking like their joy. like an actor …
which I did very willingly. forward for this purpose two thanked Onnontio for his good disposition towards them, and brought large belts of wampum. He thanked us in the name of the Mohawk Iroquois for having given their Two other belts for that. allies of the Mohegan nation. 2. , , fives to five ot tneir : AND DISCOVERY OF THE SALT SPRINGS. 3. He thanked us in the name of the …
After other compliments expressed in a tone animated by love and respect, he produced four large belts to thank Onnontio for having encouraged them to fight bravely against their new enemies of the Cat Nation, and for having exhorted them never again to war against the French. Thy voice, said he, Onnontio is wonderful, to produce in my breast at one time two effects entirely …
We are willing to acknowledge Him of whom thou hast spoken, who is the master of our lives, who is unknown to us. 2. Our council tree is this day planted at Onnontaga --meaning that that would be, henceforth, the place of their meetings and of their negotiations for peace. 2. We conjure you to select on the banks of our great lake an advantageous site for a French settlement …
but I can assure you their counmuch mildness that my What appeared to me most endearing in all this was that all our Huron Christians and the captive women, lighted this fire which melts the hearts of the Iroquois. They told them so much tenances told more than their tongues, and expressed joy mingled with so heart was full. good of us, and spoke so often of the great value of …
Our Christian captives wishing to confess before my departure gave me employment, I reI baptized a little girl of four years who was dying. or rather repose which I wished for. The 12th. covered from the hands of these barbarians, the New Testament of the late Father Jean de Brebouf, whom they put to a cruel death five years ago, and a small book of devotion which was used by …
My second present was to throw down the This evidence of affection satisfied them, and three of their Chiefs thanked me publicly in speeches which one could not be persuaded issued from the lips of men called savages. Nevertheless they seek me every where to give me my parting feast, consideration being invited in all the men and women of my name into our cabin, according to …
a spring that they durst not drink, saying that there is a Demon in it which renders it fetid ; having and in fact we made Salt from it as natural as that of which we carried a sample to Quebec. This lake abounds in^fish in salmon trout tasted it I found it was a fountain of Salt water ; from the sea ; -- and other fish. 17th. We enter their river, and at a quarter of a league …
We proceed on our journey on the same river which is of a fine width and deep throughout, except some shoals where we must get into the water and draw the canoe lest the rocks break it. 20. We arrive at the Great Lake, Ontario, called the Lake of the Iroquois. This lake is in a fury in consequence of the violence of the winds after a storm of rain. 22. Coasting quietly the …
barked before the tempest had abated, and we thought we should have perished sailors -- having emfinally we cast ourselves on an island where we dried ourselves at our leisure. 27. In the evening a little lull afforded us time to regain the main land. 28 and 29. The chase stops our sailors who are in the best possible humor ; for flesh is the paradise of the man of flesh. 30 …
AND DISCOVERY OF THE SALT SPRINGS. 3 d and 4 th . Our game does not leave us ; it seems that venison and game follow us every where. Droves of twenty cows plunge into the water as if to meet us. Some are killed, for sake of amusement, by blows of an axe. 5. In one day we travel over the road which took us two long days ascending the rapids and breakers. 6. Our Sault St. Louis …
The word Onnota, which signifies, in the Iroquois tongue, a Mountain, has given the name to the village called Onnontae, or as others call it, Onnontague, because it is on a mountain ; and the people who inhabit it consequently style themselves Onnontae-ronnons, or Onnontague-ronnons. These people have for a long time and earnestly demanded that some priests of our Society be …
May, in company with three Fathers and two brothers of the Society, and a good number of Frenchmen, who all proceeded towards this new country, where they arrived on the ID" day of July of the same year, 1656. In the year 1657, the harvest appearing plentiful in all the villages of the upper Iroquois, 1657. the common people listening to the words of the gospel with simplicity …
would not embark with the others, the Fathers and the Frenchmen who ascended with them would have then been destroyed ; and all those who remained on the banks of Lake Ganantaa, near to But the fear that the French would wreak vengeance on their countrymen, staid their design, of which our fathers had had secret intelligence immediately on their arrival in the country. Even a …
The 7 th of the month of November. Three Rivers A number of letters from divers quarters were given to them for Father Le Moine, part of which were to be sent to our Fathers and our French of Onnontague" #_# thro' the medium of the Mohawks, who often go to that country. # # # # # # # It is true that the Mohawks faithfully delivered the letters to Ondessonk, because they feared …
It was an Algonquin killed him on his way to war as we have d remarked on the 3 November. Nothing more was necessary to excite these furious men, who had They were desirous, however, already concluded on the death of some and the captivity of others. for their people detained by the French. : to act in concert with the Mohawks, Avho could, no more than the others, reconcile …
and intrigues imputed to them to destroy the French, the Hurons, the Algonquins, and their allies. They urged for many years with incredible persistence ; with evidences of especial affection and even with threats of rupture and war, if their friendship were despised and their demand rejected they insisted, I say, and solicited that a goodly number of French should accompany …
that the Onnontague Iroquois demanded some Frenchmen in sincerity, but with views very different. The Chiefs finding themselves engaged in heavy wars against a number of nations whom they had provoked, asked for Hurons as reinforcements to their warriors they wished for the French to ob; tain firearms from them, and to repair those which might be broken. Further, as the …
But so soon as the Captains and Chiefs became masters of their enemies, having crushed all the Nations who had attacked them so soon as they believed that nothing could resist their arms, the recollection of the wrongs they pretended to have formerly experienced from the Hurons the glory of triumphing over Europeans as well as Americans, caused them to take the resolution to …
our people, having discovered their conspiracy, and perceived that their death was concluded on, bethought them on their retreat, which shall be described in the following letter. FATHER PAUL RAGUENEAU TO THE REV. FATHER JACQUES RENAULT, PROVINCIAL OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS IN THE PROVINCE OF FRANCE. Pax Christi. My R. Father, The present is to inform Y. R. of our return from …
with us to Onnontagu6 at the close of the last summer, and who were cruelly massacred in our arms and in our bosom by the most signal treason imaginable. They then made prisoners of their poor wives and even burned some of them with their children of three and four years, at a slow fire. Tins bloody execution was followed by the murder of three Frenchmen at Montreal by the …
In that Council they even looked on our persons as precious hostages, either for the exchange of some of their tribe who were in prison, or obtainment of whatever pleased them when within view of our French settlements they should make us feel the effects of their cruelty doubting not that these horrible spectacles and the lamentations of forty and fifty innocent French would …
What distressed us the most was, not so much the flames into which a part of our Frenchmen would be cast, as the unfortunate captivity to which the most of them were destined by the Iroquois, in which the salvation of their souls was more to be dreaded than the loss of their bodies. This is what the greater number most especially apprehended, who already seeing themselves …
For that reason it became necessary to depart without breathing a syllable about it ; for the least suspicion that the Iroquois would have had of our retreat, would hurry down on us the disaster we would avoid. But how hope to be able to depart without being discovered, being in the heart of the country, and always beset by a number of these Barbarians who left not our house …
Notwithstanding these obstacles which appeared insurmountable to them as well as to us, God, who holds in His hands all the moments of our lives, so happily inspired us with all that was necessary to be done, that having departed on the 20 th day of March from our house of Ste. Marie, near Onnontagu6, at eleven o'clock at night, His divine providence guiding us, as if by a …
We had moreover four Algonquin and four Iroquois canoes, which were to compose our little fleet of fifty-three Frenchmen. But the difficulty was to embark unperceived by the Iroquois who constantly beset us. The batteaux, canoes and all the equipage could not be conveyed without great noise, and yet without secrecy there was nothing to be expected save a general massacre of …
The embarcation being completed, the feast was concluded at a fixed time the and sleep having soon overwhelmed them, we withdrew from our house by a back door and embarked with very little noise, without bidding adieu to the Savages, who were acting cunning parts and were thinking to amuse us to the hour of our massacre with fair appearances and evidences of good will. Our …
have been easy for them to have thrown us into disorder, the river being very narrow, and terminating after travelling ten leagues in a frightful precipice where we were obliged to land and carry our baggage and canoes during four hours, through unknown roads covered with a thick forest which FIRST SETTLEMENT AT ONONDAGA, could have served the enemy for a Fort, whence at each …
knowing it, we found ourselves in the midst of breakers which, meeting a quantity of big rocks, threw up mountains of water and cast us on as many precipices as we gave strokes of paddles. Our batteaux which drew scarcely half a foot, were soon filled with water and all our people in such confusion, that their cries mingled with the roar of the torrent presented to us the …
how our Fathers and our Frenchmen withdrew from their habitation built You noticed above on the banks of Lake Ganantaa, near Onnontague. That happened at night, and without noise aDd with so much address, that the Iroquois, who cabined at the doors of our house, never perceived the removal of the canoes and batteaux and baggage which were launched, nor the embarcation of …
The cock's crow which they heard in the morning and the noise of the dogs, made them think that the masters of these animals were not far off; they recovered the patience which they had lost. But at length the sun began to decline and no person answering at the profound silence of the Frenchmen. ; neither to the voice of men nor to the cries of animals, they scaled the house …
They saw no batteau, and even if they saw it they could not imagine that our Frenchmen would be so rash as to precipitate themselves into rapids and breakers, among rocks and horrible dangers in which themselves though very expert in passing through Saults and Cascades, often lose their lives. They persuade themselves either that they walked on the waves, or fled through the …
At the same time that the Outaouaks embarked to return to their country, the wind becoming more favorable, the soldiers who had been obliged to stop at Three Rivers likewise embarked and after having navigated Lake St. Peter arrived at the mouth of the River Richelieu, which leads to ; the Iroquois of the Mohawk. The plan entertained at this first campaign was to erect on the …
Louis, because it was commenced the week of the celebration of the festival of that great saint, protector of our Kings and of France, was built by M. de Sorel, who commanded five other companies of the Regiment of the Carignan The [third] fort was fortunately finished in the month of October on St. Theresa's Salieres. From this third fort of St. Therese we can easily reach …
who thwart us so long a time, because they have never been efficiently attacked. OF THE IROQUOIS COUNTRY AND THE ROUTES LEADING THITHER. It must be premised that the Iroquois are composed of five Nations, of which the nearest to the Dutch, is that of the Mohawk consisting of two or three villages containing about three to four hundred men capable of bearing arms. These have …
where we remained two years, as if in the centre of all the Iroquois Nations, whence we proclaimed the gospel to all those poor people, assisted by a garrison of Frenchmen sent by Monsieur de Lauzon, then Governor of New France, to take possession of those countries in his Majesty's name. At twenty or thirty leagues from there still towards the West is the village of Cayuga …
timber ; among the rest entire forests of chestnut and hickory (noyer,) intersected by numerous lakes and rivers abounding in fish. bearing all The air is temperate the fruits of Touraine and Provence. ; the seasons regular as in France, capable of The snows are not deep nor of long duration. The three winters which we passed there among the Onnontagues, were mild, compared …
other to that of the Iroquois. Tliis is one of the most important rivers that can be seen, whether we regard its beauty or its convenience ; for we meet there almost throughout, a vast number of beautiful Islands, some large others small, but all covered with fine timber and full of deer, bears, wild cows which supply abundance of provisions necessary for the travellers who …
But what renders this river inconvenient is the water falls and rapids which extend for the space of forty leagues, to wit from Montreal to the entrance of Lake Ontario, there being only the two lakes just mentioned of easy navigation. To surmount these torrents, we must often debark from the canoe and walk in the river whose waters are sufficiently low in these quarters …
But when the mouth of the Great Lake is reached, the navigation is easy, when the waters are tranquil, becoming insensibly wider at first then about two-thirds, next one half and finally out of sight (of land) especially after one has passed an infinity of little islands which are at the entrance of the Lake, in such great number and in such a variety that the most experienced …
Mohawks, the route to whom is by the River Richelieu, of which we can safely say two words since they regard it, that our troops have already constructed the three forts of which we have spoken. It is called the Richelieu River because of the fort of the same name which was erected there at its mouth at the commencement of the wars and which has been rebuilt anew to secure the …
from the mouth of the river to the Sault, which is so called, though it is not properly a waterfall but only an impetuous rapid full of rocks, that arrest its course and render the navigation almost impossible for three quarters of a league. In time however its passage may be facilitated. The remainder of the river has from the beginning a very fine bottom ; as many as eight …
IROQUOIS. Relation, &c, es annges, 1665, 1666. ] The great varieties of Nations which are in these countries, the changeable and perfidious disand the barbarism of all these tribes not permitting us to hope for anystable peace with them except inasmuch as it can be maintained by the terror of the king's arms, it is not to be wondered at that peace succeeds war so easily, and …
among all these tribes, in extricating our prisoners from their hands, as he has liberated very recently Sieur Le Moine, an inhabitant of Montreal, who had been captured three months ago by these Barbarians. M. de Tracy having notified him by the usual presents that he would give him a friendly audience, the credit which he has he pronounced a harangue full of good sense and …
This march could not but be tedious, every one having snow shoes on his feet, to the use of which none were accustomed, and all, not excepting the officers nor even M. de Courcelles himself, being loaded, each witli from 25 to 30 pounds of biscuit, clothing and other necessary supplies. A more difficult or longer march than that of tills little army, can scarcely be met with …
Michael the Archangel the patron of that place ; many had, as early as the third day, the nose, the ears, the knees and the fingers or other parts entirely frozen and the remainder of the body covered with cicatrixes, and some others wholly overcome and benumbed by the cold would have perished in the snow, had they not been carried, though with considerable difficulty, to the …
Sieurs de Chambly, Petit and Rogemont, Captains of the same regiment, and by the Sieurs Mignardi, Lieutenant of the Colonel's company which was withdrawn from Forts St. Louis and St. Therese, where the troops rendezvoused on the 30th of the same month. So that the army being still 500 men strong finally arrived on the 14th of February, with the same difficulties and the same …
Wampum Makers, (les faiseurs de porcelaine) had left in their villages only the children and the helpless old men ; and it was considered useless to push farther forward an expedition which had all the effect intended by the terror it spread among all the tribes, who were haughty and perfidious only because they considered themselves inaccessible to our troops. killed several …
they considered it the greatest insult that could be offered, he finally accepted their wampum belts, repeating to them that it was neither their presents nor their goods that the King desired, but their true happiness and salvation ; that they would derive all sorts of advantages from their confidence in his goodness which should be extended to the other Nations also, that …
These French delegates had orders to inform themselves of every thing carefully on the on the Savages, so that His Majesty's arms should spot, and to learn if it were safe to confide again not be retarded by an illusive hope of peace. But scarcely were the Ambassadors two or three days journey from Quebec, when news came of the surprisal by the Mohawks of some Frenchmen …
Anne, and who were coming to offer every satisfaction for the murder of those who were slain and new guarantees for peace, so that this Captain having returned with his troops, there was no more talk but of peace, which they pretended to conclude by a general council of all the Tribes who had at the time delegates at Quebec. These treaties had not, however, all the success …
But M. de Courcelles impelled by his characteristic impatience for the fight, started some days ahead with 400 men, and Sieurs De Chambly and Berthier, commandants of the Forts St. Louis and Assumption were left to follow M. de Tracy, four days afterwards, with the rear guard. As it was necessary to march one hundred and twenty leagues into the interior to find the enemy's …
Notwithstanding the care taken to accomplish this march with little noise, we could not prevent some Iroquois, despatched from 30 to 40 leagues to discover our troops, seeing from the mountain tops this little naval expedition, and running to warn the first village of it; so that ; , the alarm spreading afterwards from village to village, these barbarians our troops found them …
water they had provided in bark tanks to extinguish fire when necessary, afforded sufficient first resolution had been quite different from that which the terror of our A few persons whom their advanced age had arms had caused them so suddenly to adopt. prevented withdrawing from the village two days previously with all the women and children, and the remains of two or three …
The courage of our troops was ever wonderfully excited in the hardships of this expedition and in the face of danger, by the examples of M. de Tracy, M. de Courcelles and M. de Salliere, Quarter Master (Mestre de Camp) of the regiment and of Chevalier de Chaumont who desired always on approaching the villages to be of the forlorn hope and their generosity was animated by the …
MARCH WITH 600 VOLUNTEIRS INTO Y e TERRITORYES OF HIS ROYALL HIGHNESSE THE DUKE OF YORKE IN AMERICA. [ Lonci. Doc. II. ] Upon the 29 h of Xber last, Monsier Coarsell the Governour of Canada, in Nova ffrancia begun his march witli near 600 men, to seeke out their inveterate ennemyes called the Mahauke Indians in their owne country and forts, there to take reuenge upon them for …
hath the very form of a Rackett tyed to each foote, whereby y e body and feet are kept from sinking into the snow, and because it was not possible for horses to pass, or subsist in the snow, or for the on their backes, and had lesse expectation to meete w th any reliefe in the vaste wilderness, the Governo r caused slight sledges to be made in good number, laying provisions …
The French suposed they were then come to their designed place, and the rather because y* evening they did rancounter w th a party of the Mohaukes who made appearance of retreating from the French, Avhereupon a party of 60 of their best Fuzileers after them, but that small party drew the French into an ambuscade of neare 200 Mohaukes planted behind trees, (who taking their …
The Govemo reply d that he come to seeke out and destroy his ennemyes the Mohaukes without intention of visiting their plantations, or else to molest any of his Ma tips subjects, and that [lie] had not heard of the reducing those parts to his Ma tics obedience, but desired that hee and his soldiers might bee supplied with provisions for their money, and that his wounded men …
Corsell sent his men to the village where they were carefully drest and sent to Albany, being seaven in number, the Dutch bores carryed to the camp such provisions as they had, and were too well w ch a good quantity was brought y c Mohaukes were all gone to their Castles, with resolution to fight it out against the french, who being refresht and supplyed w th the aforesaid …
spyes hearing of y e retreat of y e French pursued them back to the Lake, but the French making more speed to them from Canada, the Mohaukes did noe considerable prejudice to them, onely took 3 one of w ch at his own request they slew, not being able to march, the other they kept prisoners, they found 5 others dead in the way with hunger and cold, but according to their manner …
or what fort was at Albany, 'twas told him a Captain and 60 English soldyers with 9 peece of ordinance in a small fort of foure Bastions, and that the Cap* thereof Cap* Baker had sent for 20 men from annother garrison of the Kings at the Sopes, Avho probably might be arrived at Albany the same bower, thus finding his men tyr'd, the Mohaukes resolute, and something doubtfull …
I. ] On the seventh of the month of July of the year 1666, the Iroquois of the Oneida Nation, having learned from the Mohawks, their neighbors and allies and by the Dutch of Fort Orange that the troops of Louis the fourteenth by the grace of God Most Christian King of France and Navarre, had in the month of February of the said year carried his Majesty's arms-, over the snow …
FRENCH EXPEDITIONS AGAINST THE MOHAWKS. noukouenioton, Asaregouenioton, Asaregouaune, Tsendiagou, Achinnhara, Togoukouaras, Oskaraquets, Akouehen, And after having communicated by the mouth of their Orator and Chief Soenres, the object of their Embassy by ten talks expressed by as many presents, and having handed to us the letters from the officers of New Netherland, have …
Hurons whom they hold prisoners among them of what condition and quality they may be, and as long as any are detained there, even on the part of the Mohawks, to send families from among them to serve, like those of other nations as the most strict hostages for their persons and dispositions to the orders of those who shall in this Country have authority from the said Lord the …
And that the present Treaty, made on their part in ratification of the preceding, may be stable and known unto all, they have signed it with the separate and distinctive marks of their Tribes, after which what they solicited from the said Lord the King was granted to them in his name by Messire Alexandre de Prouville, Knight, Lord de Tracy member of the King's Councils, &c …
Continent of South and North America as well by sea as by land, aided by Messire Daniel de Remy Knight, Seigneur de Courcelles, Governor and Lieut. General for the King in New France, being drawn up in battle array before the Tort of Andaraque, Jean Baptiste du Bois Esq rs Sieur de Cocreaumont and de St. Morice, Commandant of the Artillery of the army, presented himself at the …
Jean Talon, King's Councillor in his State and Privy Councils, Intendant General of Justice, Police and Finance in New France, for the review and direction of the Supplies of the Troops, who declared and said that at the request of Mons r Talon he took possession of said Fort and of all the lands in the neighbourhood as far and in as great a quantity as they may extend, and of …
du Gal Esq ls Sieur du Fresne Major of Canada, Jean Louis Chevalier du Glas Lieut of a Company of said Regim 1 Rene Louis Char tier Esq r Sieur de Lobinire Lieutenant of a Militia Company from Quebec, Dominique le Feure Esq Sieur de Quesquelin Lieutenant in said Regiment, Witnesses undersigned with the said Seigneur du Bois and the Notary. Signed, Chaumont, le Chevalier de …
some measure surprized in february last with the newes of so considerable a force of under the command of Monsieur de Courcelle so farre advanct in these His Ma1 '* Dominions without my Knowledge and Consent, or the least notice given of intentions to any of His Mati es Colonies then in amity with the French Nation although proceedings heerin were not conformable to the …
wrought upon to treat of peace if you on your parts were so disposed, but it seems (by a sad accident intervening,) you are pleas'd to lay a greater burden upon them than they deserve after their sincere To both y r Letters directed to the Captain and Commissaries at Albany themselves will return answer but hearing that you had Emploied Le S r Couture with y Letters I tooke a …
H. the Duke of York and Albany a few yeares in the french army, and now that I serve the same Master in bis interest in this part of the World, I should count my r selfe very fortunate in an opportunity at least to acknowledge some part of y great civilities to my condition of Exile, The Memory whereof obligeth Master and all his Servants in their low estate and me (a …
The advanced age of M. de Tracy must greatly enhance the merit of the service he has rendered the King, by assuming in a broken down frame such as his, a fatigue of which no correct idea can be formed. I am assured that throughout the whole march of three hundred leagues, including the return, he suffered himself to be carried only during two days, and then he was forced to do …
Maquas, to put a stopp to their barbarous Insolencies ; I gave my consent to further the design, that hee might take with liim so many officers and souldiers as he thought fit, either of his Ma ties Companyes, or those of y e Countrey. Whereupon hee advanced within fifteen or twenty leagues of the But fortunately for them his guides conducting him a wrong way, hee did villages …
Thus farr, I ought to vindicate the truth upon this subject. The ffrench nation is too much inclined to acknowledge curtesies, not to confess that the Dutch have had very much charity for the ffrench, who have been Prisoners with the Maquaes, and that they have redeemed divers, who had been burnt wi th out their succour They ought also to be assured of our gratitude towards …
accompanyed with three considerable persons, to transport himself upon the place, to conclude a peace, thereby to ease them of the trouble of coming to Quebec. Its true the displeasure I received by the death of some Gent'men, who went a fowling upon confidence, of that article w ch is in the same letter those Gent'men sent mee, the second time, dated the 26 th March 1666, the …
I had never the thought of accusing those Dutch Gent'men either directly or indirectly, nor any other person, of holding intelligence with the Maques in so foule an action as was committed by them ; But writt onely to oblige them, and those other Gent'men who serve under yo r command at Albany, (for we were then in peace,) to councell the Maques, as Neighbours, to deliver up …
The intention you signify to have of Embracing Allwayes the Interest of Europe, against the barbarous Indyans of America, is very commendable and befitting a person of your Quality and a good Christian That Passion which you likewise expresse, for the interest of his Maty : Brittaine, is to be esteemed, and there is no man of reason, who doth not approve y r f Great judgm …
I had the hono r to serve the King in Germany, in the most considerable commands of his Army, at the time when my son (that was hee and not mee) was knowne unto you, in those which served in fflanders, where he commanded His MatieS Cavalry of Strangers Hee had a very particular respect for the person, and for the great meritt of his Royal Highness, the Duke of York, who seemed …
of between 25 and 30 tunnes, w c h belonged to mee, being laden with a good quantity of strong Waters, and other refreshments which come from France But as I know no other interest than that : who bestowes many benefits upon mee, I shall easily forgett that losse, 'till the conclusion of Peace, you may also believe that I am w th a great deale of esteeme, of the service of his …
The Land is naturally apt to produce Come k Cattle so that the severall proportions or divideuts of Land are alwaies allowed with respect to the numbers of the Planters, what they are able to manage, and in w' time to accomplish their undertaking, the feed of Cattell is free in commonage to all Townships, The Lots of Meadow or Corne Ground are peculiar to each Planter. The …
pleaseth best the Planters, but the seating of Towns together is necessary in these parts of America, especially upon the Maine Land. 5. Liberty of Conscience is graunted and assured with the same Provisoe exprest in the Querie. 6. Liberty of fishing and fowling is free to all by the Patent. 7. All Causes are tried by Juries, no Lawes contrary to the Lawes of England …
sary encouragement to these his Territories, whereof a good answer is expected. 10 th . Every man who desires to trade for ff'urs at his request hath liberty so to doe. REPORT ON THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK. ANSWERS OF GOV. ANDROS TO ENQUIRIES ABOUT NEW YORK; 1678. Lond. Doc. III. ] [ Answers to the Inquiries of Plantacons for New Yorke. The Governo r is to have a Councill not …
att The court of Admiralty hath been by speciall comission or by the Court of Mayo r & Aldermen New Yorke. The chiefe Legislative power there is in the Governo 1 with advice of the Councell the executive power Judgm ts given by y e courts is in the sheriffs & other civil officers. 4. The law booke in force was made by the Governo r & Assembly att Hempsted in 1665 & since 3 …
Albany is a smale long stockadoed forte with foure bastions in it, 12 gunns, sufficient ag Indians, and lately a wooden redout & out worke at Pemaquid w th 7 gunns, l s'd Garrisons victualled for a yeare, 7. w th suff stores. There are no privateers about o r Coasts. Our Neighbours westward are Mary land populous and strong but doe not live in townes, their produce tobacco …
New Yorke is in40 d 35 ,n Albany ab l 43<>; theCollony is in severall long narrow stripes of w ch a greate parte of the settlem 1 made by adventurers before any Regulacon by w ch Incroachm t3 without pattents w ch townes have lately taken but by reason of continuall warrs noe Survey made & [qu. of the] wildernesse, noe certaine computacon can be made of the planted and …
Wee haue severall Rivers, Harbours and Roades, Hudson's River the chiefest & is ab 4 fathom water att coming in butt six, tenn or more within & very good soundings & anchorage either in Hud13. f . son's River or in the Sound, the usuall roade before the town and moulde. 14. Our produce is land provisions of all sorts as of wheate exported yearly about 60000 bushells? pease …
Our Merchts are not many but with inhabitants & planters about 2000, able to beare armes old inhabitants of the place or of England, Except in & neere New Yorke of Dutch Extraction & some few of all nations, but few Serv much wanted & but very few slaves. 1 5. 16. ts , 17. Noe persons whateuer are to come from any place but according to act off Pari' w ch the magistrates and …
A merch worth 1000 is accompted a good substantial! merchant and a planter worthe halfe that in moveables accompted [rich?] with all the Estates may be valued at about 21. lb or 500 lb XI 50,000. There may lately haue traded to y e Collony in a yeare from tenn to fifteen shipps or vessells of about togeather 100 tunns each, English new England and our owne built of w ch 5 …
Rates or dutyes upon Goods exported are 2 s for each hhd of Tobacco & I s 3 d on a beaver skin & other peltry proportionably, Provisions and all else paye nothing, Goods imported payes 2 per cent except Liquors particulerly rated something more, & Indian trade goeing up the river payes 3 per cent, there are some few quitt-rents, as also Excise or license monys for retaileing …
w rh most very wanting, but presbiterians & Independent^ desierous to have and maintaine them if to be had, There are ab 1 20 Churches or Meeting places of w- h aboue halfe vacant their allowance like to be from 40 lb to 70 lb a yeare and a house and garden. Noe Beggars but all poore cared fifor. If good Ministers could be had to goe theither might doe well & and gaine much …
He is equally informed that the Savages nearest adjoining to the French Settlements are the Algonquins and the Iroquois, that the latter had repeatedly troubled the peace and tranquillity of the Colonies of New France until His Majesty having waged a severe war against them, they were finally constrained to submit and to live in peace and quietness without making any …
de la Barre put himself in a condition to proceed as early as possible, with 5 or 600 of the militia most favorably situated for this expedition along the shores of Lake Frontenac at the mouth of Lake Conty, to exhibit himself to these Iroquois Settlements in a condition to restrain them within their duty and even to attack them should they do any thing against the French …
against the violence of the Iroquois At the meeting held the tenth October 1682, composed of M. the Governor, M. the Intendant, M. the Bishop of Quebec, M. Dollier Superior of the Seminary of St. Sulpice at Montreal, the Rev. Fathers Beschefer Superior, D'Ablon and Fremin, Jesuits, M. the Major of the City, Mess rs de Varenne Governor of the Three Rivers, de Brussy, Dalibout …