NeedsAssessmentandFacilityMasterPlan-2008

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Police Department & Village Court 
Croton-on-Hudson, NY 
 
Needs Assessment & Facility Master Plan 
Final Draft Report—January 2008 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood—Police Facility Consultants 
The VCA Group—Architects 

Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants 
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
 
Village of Croton-on-Hudson, New York 
 
Police Department & Village Court 
 
Space Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report – January 15, 2008 
 
Part 1 – Introduction & Executive Summary 
 
1.1 – Background & Study Objectives ............................................................................................... 2 
1.2 – Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 3 
1.3 – Methodology........................................................................................................................... 6 
1.4 – Acknowledgements & References............................................................................................. 7 
 
Part 2 – Policing & Court Services in Croton-on-Hudson 
 
2.1 – The Village of Croton-on-Hudson ............................................................................................ 8 
2.2 – Policing & Court Functions & Staffing ......................................................................................12 
 
Part 3 – Facility Requirements 
 
3.1 – Existing Facilities....................................................................................................................19 
3.2 – Police & Court Space & Facility Requirements ..........................................................................23 
3.3 – Building & Site Requirements..................................................................................................27 
3.4 – Staff & Space Schedules.........................................................................................................29 
 
Part 4 – Location Options 
 
4.1 – Development Options.............................................................................................................30 
4.2 – Location Considerations..........................................................................................................30 
 
Part 5 – Project Costs 
 
5.1 – Project & Construction Costs...................................................................................................37 
 
Part 6 – Notes 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc. 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department 
402-1491 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M4T 1Z4 
1 Van Wyck Street, Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520 
416-964-7163, 888-777-8128; Fax: 416-964-5817 
914-271-4781; Fax: 914- 
John E. Pepper, OAA, MRAIC 
Chief Dennis Coxen, Sgt. Richard Corvinus 
 
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
310-49 Richmondville Avenue, Westport, CT 06880 
Tel: 203-226-9553; Fax: 203-226-7549 
Michael Toto, AIA

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 1 – Introduction & Executive Summary 
 
1.1 – Background & Study Objectives 
 
1.1.1 – Background 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has outgrown its current facilities. The department occupies 
around 4,800 sq.ft in the Village Hall, plus another 1,300 sq.ft for the village court. This no longer meets the 
space, operational or security needs of the Department or court, and is not properly accessible. The space 
allocated no longer provides sufficient space for efficient operations, and there is insufficient parking to 
accommodate department and staff vehicles. As time progresses, and as the Department grows, the 
situation is becoming more critical. 
 
Policing needs in Croton-on-Hudson are growing and changing. Prudent investment now in appropriate 
facilities will ensure the Department can meet the needs of the community efficiently and cost-effectively for 
many years. This is a once-in-a-career opportunity – if it is done right it will not have to be done again for a 
long time. 
 
1.1.2 – Study Objectives 
 
Objectives of this study are to determine current and long-term (25-year, to 2032) facility needs for the 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department and Village Court, to identify and examine available accommodation 
options, and to make recommendations on how the department’s facility needs can best be met, and to 
examine a number of potential properties as potential locations. 
 
Specific objectives are: 
 
• 
To understand the Department’s operations and policing strategies, and the opportunities for more 
effective operations that a new facility could provide. 
• 
To understand the community of Croton-on-Hudson, its unique character, and the impact this has on 
policing operations and service needs. 
• 
To understand how Croton-on-Hudson may change or grow over the projected lifespan of a new 
facility, so that it will be capable of supporting future policing operations effectively. 
• 
To determine current and future space needs, based on the specific requirements of the Croton-on-
Hudson Police Department and on standard industry practices. 
• 
To demonstrate important internal relationships and other building and site planning criteria that would 
impact the building configuration and site requirements. 
 
These objectives above have been addressed in Parts 2 and 3.  
 
Once current and future department space needs (for the building and for the site) were established we 
could then identify and test various available accommodation options, compare their relative benefits and 
drawbacks, and make our recommendations. This is covered in Part 4. 
 
• 
Determine available accommodation options and make recommendations for those that appear feasible.  
• 
Test, evaluate and compare workable options, and summarize their benefits and drawbacks. 
• 
Identify and review potential locations for a new police/court building. 
• 
Provide order-of-magnitude costs, based on typical square-foot costs for a building of this type, and any 
savings or additional costs each option may incur. 
• 
Develop an implementation plan for the project, including phasing where this would be required.  
 
This information will allow those responsible for providing suitable accommodations for the Croton-on-
Hudson Police Department and the Village of Croton-on-Hudson to make informed decisions regarding new 
space, and to take appropriate steps towards implementation.  
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
1.2 – Executive Summary 
 
1.2.1 – A 25-Year Facility Masterplan for the Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department is currently located in the Stanley H. Kellerman Municipal Building 
at 1 Van Wyck Street, near the village center. The building is shared with Village administration offices and 
municipal court. 
 
The existing area allocated to the police department and court within the Village Hall has long ceased to 
meet the department’s needs effectively or securely. The building is overcrowded and does not support 
efficient police operations. Many functions must share small, crowded offices. There are no proper, secure 
facilities for safe handling of prisoners and arrested persons, and there is no room for internal training or 
community activities. As the department grows and service demands increase these problems will get 
worse.  
 
The building was not originally designed as a police station (it was formerly a school), nor was it designed to 
be expanded. The police department was given more space when the Town of Cortlandt offices moved out 
of the building in the early 1990s. 
 
There are a number of security and access issues surrounding the police building, including uncontrolled 
vehicle access onto and through the property, uncontrolled public access into the building, and the lack of a 
secure prisoner transfer sallyport. A security assessment report was carried out in 2006 by the NY 
Department of Public Safety with respect to court facilities which identified several security concerns (refer 
to Section 3.1 for further details). 
 
1.2.2 – Policing Services in Croton-on-Hudson 
 
The area serviced by the Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has a current population of around 7,900 
extrapolated from the 2000 Census, although the actual population may be higher.  The population has 
grown slowly but steadily since the 1960s and is anticipated to grow at a similar rate over the next 25 years. 
If this trend continues population could approach 8,200 by 2032, an increase of just under 4 percent. For 
planning purposes we have used an anticipated 2032 population of 8,200. 
 
• 
Current (2007) population  
7,900 
• 
Anticipated (2032) population 
8,200 
• 
25-year growth 
 
3.8% (0.15%/year) 
 
The need for police service has increased steadily over the past two decades and is expected to continue to 
do so. The Police Department deals with approximately 5,500 to 6,000 calls for service, makes just under 
200 arrests, and issues 1,600 to 2,000 tickets per year (all numbers that are increasing steadily – ref. 
Section 2.2 for more details). 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department currently comprises 221 police members (2007) plus ‘support 
units’ (2 parking enforcement officers, 5 crossing guards and 2 seasonal park rangers). The department also 
maintains a 4-member auxiliary police unit which carries out traffic control duties and support at various 
events.  
 
Under the Chief of Police the department is organized into two divisions, each headed by a Lieutenant: 
 
• 
Patrol Division– uniform patrol (5 squads), dispatch, traffic, parking enforcement, crossing guards & 
seasonal park rangers 
• 
Detective Division – detective bureau, youth bureau, records, crime prevention 
 
Administrative and planning functions are carried out by one of the Patrol sergeants but it is anticipated that 
this may become a dedicated position of Administrative Sergeant in future. 
 
1 For planning purposes the department currently consists of 21 sworn police members, plus 1 civilian police dispatcher. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
To meet the increasing needs of the community we have estimated that total police staffing (sworn and 
civilian, excluding ‘support units’) could reach between 29 and 33 members by 2032 (an increase of 
between 32 and 50 percent over current levels). For planning purposes we have used an anticipated total 
staff complement of 33 by 2030. 
 
• 
Current (2007) staff 
 
22 plus support units 
• 
Anticipated (2032) staff 
 
29-33 plus support units 
• 
25-year growth 
 
32 to 50% (one position every 2.5 to 3.5 years) 
 
Refer to Part 2 for more detailed information on policing services and anticipated requirements. 
 
1.2.3 – Court Functions 
 
The current court setup has many security issues and space shortages. It is anticipated that court staff 
(excluding the judge) could increase from four to six over the next 25 years. Around 4,300 square feet GFA 
is required to accommodate court functions and associated public areas. 
 
1.2.4 – Facility Requirements (Police Department & Court) 
 
Police Department: To meet 25 to 30-year accommodation needs for a department of up to 33 members 
plus support units a facility of around 13,700 square feet GFA is required (around 12,000 square feet of 
operational areas plus a 1,700 square foot police garage. 
 
Village Court: It is anticipated that court staff (excluding the judge) could increase from four to six over the 
next 25 years. Around 4,300 square feet GFA is required to accommodate court functions and associated 
public areas. 
 
To accommodate a new building of 18,000 square feet GFA on two levels and on-grade parking for around 
50 vehicles (plus 30 to 40 visitors) a site of around 1.5 to 2 acres would be required. Smaller sites could 
possibly be used by stacking functions (to reduce the building footprint) or by providing alternate parking 
arrangements (e.g. deck or basement).  
 
Refer to Part 3 for more detailed information on building and site requirements, and Part 4 for a number of 
development proposals on various properties. 
 
1.2.5 – Accommodation Options & Site Review 
 
A number of development options are presented in this report, illustrating ways in which a new police 
facility could be accommodated. Option X, a generic, non-site-specific solution, has been shown for 
comparison. A number of locations were considered, but only the following were considered feasible: 
 
• 
Maple Street & Municipal Place (Katz Property) 
• 
S. Riverside Avenue & Municipal Place (Skate Park) 
 
Development options are discussed in more detail in Section 4.3. Several other locations were considered 
but rejected as being too small to accommodate a new police/court building. 
 
1.2.6 – Project & Construction Costs 
 
Construction costs could amount to around $6.5 to $7.0 million or more for a newly-constructed police/court 
facility. Including design fees and contingency the recommended project budget is around $8.0 to $8.4 
million (ref. Section 4.2).  
 
This does not include property acquisition costs, demolition costs to remove existing buildings, cleanup costs 
for any site contamination, or any costs associated with any required upgrade to municipal services or 
utilities. Costs are expressed in 2008 dollars and should be escalated to the anticipated construction start 
date. Other ‘soft’ costs for legal costs, permits or move expenses are not included. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
1.2.7 – In Summary 
 
To support future policing and court operations in the Village of Croton-on-Hudson we recommend 
appropriate facilities be designed and built as soon as possible. We believe that it would be more cost-
effective in the long term to construct a facility that meets 25 to 30-year program needs now, rather than a 
phased approach which ultimately would be more expensive and disruptive. 
 
The new facility should be designed to be cost-effective to maintain, and be durable enough to withstand 
hard 24-hour use. This need for high-quality components, and the need to design a facility that will reflect 
an appropriate architectural character for the community, will form a significant financial investment for the 
Village – however the payback in increased police efficiency and staff morale will be obvious, now and into 
the future. Something must be done sooner or later, and the least expensive approach would appear be to 
take advantage of current low financing rates and initiate this project as soon as possible. 
 
We hope this document can help in reaching those decisions. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
1.3 - Methodology 
 
1.3.1 – Determining Facility Needs 
 
Determining facility needs, and recommending a course of action to meet those needs, involves a number of 
steps: 
 
• 
Understanding police and court operations in Croton-on-Hudson 
• 
Understanding the community, its growth trends and policing needs 
• 
Determining current and anticipated service loads 
• 
Determining staffing projections 
• 
Determining space and facility needs 
• 
Identifying available development/accommodation options & properties 
• 
Evaluating, testing and comparing the most feasible of these 
• 
Recommending a course of action. 
 
1.3.2 – Methodology 
 
To understand Croton-on-Hudson Police Department operations and strategies, the context within which it 
operates, and to determine current and future facility needs we did the following: 
 
• 
Conducted an on-site review of existing police & court operations 
• 
Conducted on-site interviews with senior staff and representatives of all functional units to discuss 
current and future needs 
• 
Issued questionnaires to all department staff & obtained feedback and suggestions 
• 
Conducted research into community trends, population history and growth, demographics, police 
service statistics, crime rates and other factors impacting current and anticipated operations and 
staffing 
• 
Prepared a space needs analysis, based on the specific needs of the Croton-on-Hudson Police 
Department, with comparison to other local & national standards/practices, and those of the village 
court 
 
1.3.3 – Study Limitations 
 
Disclaimer – limit of liability: This study is intended to provide an overview of policing needs and the 
resultant anticipated space requirements to support those needs over the next 25 years. Our projections are 
based on documented observations, perceived trends and industry practices. Changes within the Croton-on-
Hudson Police Department, revised policing strategies and many other factors may result in staffing 
numbers and space requirements different from those presented in this report. 
 
We have looked at a number of accommodation options, based on discussions with department and 
municipal staff, and presented conceptual illustrations of potential solutions on sample properties. Other 
locations or development options may become available. The options presented in this report are intended 
to illustrate the requirements for a new police facility in general terms, in a number of potential 
arrangements. 
 
The scope and depth of this study preclude examination of all factors that may affect future development as 
illustrated (e.g. soil conditions, existing services, contamination, development restrictions, etc.). 
 
Costs presented are typical for buildings of this type, and do not include construction cost escalation should 
the project be delayed. Final costs will vary depending on construction market conditions, final program and 
facility design, project delivery method, and specific costs associated with a particular property. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
1.4 – Acknowledgements & References 
 
1.4.1 – Study Participants 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department 
 
• 
Chief Dennis Coxen 
• 
Lieutenant Russel Harper, Patrol Division 
• 
Lieutenant Anthony Tramaglini, Detective Division 
• 
Sergeant Richard Corvinus 
 
Other members participated by completing a police service and facility needs questionnaire: 
 
• 
Sgt. Daniel V. Turner 
• 
PO Aaron Bernhardt 
• 
PO Marc Leuzzi 
• 
PO John Barirde 
• 
PO Paul Camillieri 
• 
PO David Wingfield 
• 
PO Daria Murtagh 
• 
Cari Daddio, dispatcher 
 
Court Office: 
 
• 
Connie Fay, Court Clerk 
 
Village of Croton-on-Hudson 
 
• 
Dan O’Connor, Village Engineering 
 
Westchester County 
 
• 
Michael Lipkin, Associate Planner, Westchester County Department of Planning 
 
1.4.2 – References & Information Sources 
 
• 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department Calls for Service & Crime Rate reports 
• 
Village of Croton-on-Hudson Website 
• 
Westchester County Department of Planning 
• 
Various municipal, county and government websites 
• 
US Census Bureau 
• 
Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports – Department of Justice, FBI (1990 to 2006) 
• 
Population by Municipality, 1990 to 2030, Westchester County, NY – NYSDOT/Global Insight, 2003 
• 
Population Projections, 1990 to 2030, Westchester County, NY – NYSDOT/WEFA Group, 1999 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 2 – Policing & Court Services in Croton-on-Hudson 
 
2.1 – The Village of Croton-on-Hudson 
 
2.1.1 – Croton-on-Hudson Community Profile 
 
The Village of Croton-on-Hudson is located in north-western Westchester County, on the eastern shore of 
the Hudson River, at the intersection of US Rte 9 and NY 129. The village is roughly 40 miles from 
downtown New York City and is surrounded by the communities of Cortlandt and Ossining. Nearby 
population centers are Ossining to the south (24,000, 2 miles), Peekskill to the north (25,000, 5 miles), 
Yonkers (198,000, 16 miles), Mount Vernon (69,000, 17 miles), New Rochelle (73,000, 17 miles) and White 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Plains (55,000, 10 miles). Across the state line are and Greenwich (60,000) and Stamford (120,000) in 
Connecticut. 
 
The Village has an area of just under 5 square miles (3,045 acres) of which 1,288 acres or around 42% is 
considered ‘open space’ (2004), and has an average density ranging from 500 to 10,000 persons per square 
mile. The village is served by the Metro North commuter rail line (Croton-Harmon Station). 
 
2.1.2 – Population & Demographics 
 
The area serviced by the Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has a current population of around 7,900 
extrapolated from the 2000 Census1, although it is felt that the actual population is more than that.  The 
population has grown slowly since the 1960s.  
 
Estimated Population 
Population 
Annual Growth 
1960 (Census) 
6,812 
 
1970 (Census) 
7,523 
+0.44% 
1980 (Census) 
6,889 
-0.84% 
1990 (Census) 
7,018 
+0.19% 
2000 (Census) 
7,606 
+0.84% 
2007 (est.) 
7,902 
+0.52% 
 
The population in Croton-on-Hudson is mainly white (92%), native-born (89%) and well-educated (55% 
with degrees). Ninety-eight percent of the civilian labor force is employed, and the average family income is 
in excess of $140,000 annually. Two-thirds of the population drove to work alone, while only 24% used 
public transit. Seventy-six percent of the Village’s 2,800 housing units are owner-occupied. Sixty-two 
percent of the housing stock was built before 1950, and 84 percent prior to 1970. (source: Census 2000: 
Croton-on-Hudson Village, Westchester County Department of Planning) 
 
1 July 2000 Census figure of 7,606, estimated by Westchester Department of Planning to reach 7,803 by July 2005 
(39.4p/yr), if extrapolated, would result in an estimated December 2007 population of 7,902, or 8,000 by 2010. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
2.1.3 – Population Projections 
 
Croton-on-Hudson’s population has grown slowly but steadily since the 1960s and is anticipated by many to 
grow at a similar rate over the next twenty-five to thirty years. This is supported by 2000 to 2005 estimates 
by the Westchester Department of Planning. Population has grown from 6,800 in 1960 to an estimated 
7,900 in 2007.  
 
1 – Continuation of Current Growth Trend: 
 
If this trend continues population could approach 9,000 by 2032 (adding roughly 40 people per year), 
however there are many factors which could impact this growth: 
 
Estimated Population 
Population 
Annual Growth 
1960 (Census) 
6,812 
 
1970 (Census) 
7,523 
+0.44% 
1980 (Census) 
6,889 
-0.84% 
1990 (Census) 
7,018 
+0.19% 
2000 (Census) 
7,606 
+0.84% 
2005 (est. +1013 persons over 25 years) 
7,822 
+0.52% 
2007 (est.) 
7,902 
+0.52% 
2020 (est.) 
8,400 
+0.52% 
2030 (est. +1000 persons over 25 years)  
8,900 
+0.52% 
2032 (est., rounded) 
9,000 
+0.52% 
 
2 – Westchester County/NYSDOT-Global Insight Projections: 
 
A population study done for the Westchester Department of Planning in 2001 by NYSDOT/Global Insight 
indicated a slowing of population growth in Croton-on-Hudson, projecting zero growth from 2005 onwards 
(remaining at a level around 7,700), however this appears to be contradictory to recently-experienced 
population growth and to community expectations. For this reason we have not used this projection as a 
reasonable indication of future population levels in Croton-on-Hudson. 
 
3 – Projections Based on Percentage of Westchester County Growth: 
 
The Westchester Department of Planning estimates county population to increase from 923,000 in 2000 to 
almost 983,000 by 2030, or around 6.4% over 30 years. This can be extrapolated to around 986,350 by 
2032. Since 1980 the population of Croton-on-Hudson, as a percentage of total county population, has 
gradually but consistently increased, nearing its prior level of the 1950s and 1960s. If this trend were to 
continue, based on projected county population levels, the population of the village could grow to almost 
8,500 by 2032, however there are many factors which could impact this.  
 
Year 
County Popul. 
Percentage  
Village Population 
184,257 
0.83% 
1,533  
625,816 
0.77% 
4,837 
808,891 
0.84% 
6,812 
894,104 
0.84% 
7,523 
866,599 
0.79% 
6,889 
874,866 
0.80% 
7,018 
923,459 
0.82% 
7,606 
2004 (est.) 
942,444 
0.83% 
7,862 
2007 (est.) 
943,809 
0.84% 
7,902 
945,174 
0.84% 
7,939 
964,583 
0.85% 
8,199 
982,666 
0.86% 
8,451 
 
Even if Croton-on-Hudson were to retain its current percentage of total county population (0.837%), 
population in the village would rise to around 8,230 by 2030, or maybe 8,300 by 2032 to use round 
numbers. This is significantly lower than if recent growth is extrapolated. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
 
For planning purposes we have combined the analyses above to predict a 2032 anticipated population of 
somewhere between 8,300 and 9,000, with a high probability that it be in the high end of this range.  
 
2.1.4 – County & National Context 
 
As of the 2000 Census Westchester County had a population of 923,000, an increase of 5.6 percent since 
1990. Published in 1996, Patterns for Westchester: The Land and the People proposes a set of strategies 
which among other things supports strengthening existing centers and development corridors. Several 
factors have been identified in the Westchester County Databook 2001 regarding population, demographics 
and growth & development between 1990 and 2000: 
 
• 
The County is becoming more ethnically diverse, especially in the south, and especially Hispanics 
• 
Urban areas are growing more quickly that non-urban areas 
• 
Growth is slowing in northern Westchester 
• 
County population growth was comparable to overall state growth in the period 1990 to 2000 
 
By comparison, the U.S. national population is expected to grow by around 23 percent between 2005 and 
2030 (from 296 million to 364 million). Population in the US Northeast region is expected to grow by around 
5 percent in the same time period (+9% for New England CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT, and +4% for Middle 
Atlantic NY, NJ, PA)1. 
 
2.1.5 – Conclusions, Population Growth 
 
The Village of Croton-on-Hudson is expected to experience modest growth over the next 25 to 30 years, but 
will also continue to feel the impact of general population growth and demographic changes in the County, 
particularly with respect to increased traffic levels and ethnic diversity.  
 
• 
Current Population 
(2007 estimate) 
7,900 
• 
2032 Population 
(for planning purposes, range) 
8,300 to 9,000 
 
As can be seen in the following section, the need for police service has increased steadily over the past 25 
years, and will continue to do so in the future, at a rate greater than the population of the Village. 
                                                    
1 U.S. Census Bureau, Interim Population Projections 2005 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
2.2 – Policing & Court Functions & Staffing 
 
2.2.1 – Policing Operations & Strategies 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department is a full-time, full-service agency offering professional police, 
protection and law enforcement services to Croton-on-Hudson residents, businesses and visitors. Functions 
include community-based policing and patrol, traffic enforcement and investigation, criminal investigative 
services and youth services. The department is also responsible for parking enforcement, school crossing 
guards, seasonal park rangers and police auxiliary. 
 
Policing in Croton-on-Hudson is, and always has been, community based. Activities and policing strategies 
are geared towards addressing law enforcement and public safety within the community, in an active and 
responsive manner. 
 
Currently (2007) the department has 21 sworn officers and 1 civilian dispatcher, as well as 9 support 
personnel and a police auxiliary. The department maintains a fleet of around 12 vehicles. 
 
The department is the primary answering point for all 911 calls in the Village. Police, fire, medical and other 
emergency calls are dispatched through the county-wide 911 system. 
 
The annual policing budget is around $4.7 million (2005), with around $300,000 being typically spent on 
overtime, and around $60,000 on the boat patrol, to maintain sufficient available resources and minimum 
mandated staffing levels. This exceeds the annual overtime budget of $275,000 and is an indication of how 
short of personnel the department is. Younger members are less willing to put in large amounts of overtime 
due to family commitments and commuting town involved, among other reasons. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson has very cooperative arrangements with police departments in adjoining communities. 
This enables the department to address law enforcement, public safety and emergency needs of the 
community as they occur, while keeping day-to-day staffing resources and annual policing costs at 
reasonable levels. 
 
2.2.2 – Police Department Organization 
 
Under the Chief of Police the department is organized into two divisions, each headed by a lieutenant. 
 
• 
Patrol Division– uniform patrol (5 squads), dispatch, traffic, parking enforcement, crossing guards & 
seasonal park rangers 
• 
Detective Division – detective bureau, youth bureau, records, crime prevention 
 
Administrative and planning functions are carried out by one of the Patrol sergeants but it is anticipated that 
this may become a dedicated position of Administrative Sergeant in future. Communications and 911 
emergency dispatch functions are conducted out of the police station. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
2.2.3 – Current and Past Police Department Staffing 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department currently comprises 22 members (21 sworn plus civilian 
dispatcher) plus ‘support services’ (2 parking enforcement officers, 5 crossing guards and 2 seasonal park 
‘rangers’). The department also maintains a 4-member auxiliary police unit which carries out traffic control 
duties and support at various events.  
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has grown slowly over the past 27 years. Since 1980 the number 
of sworn officers has grown from 18 to 21. Current staff includes one civilian dispatcher. Numbers are 
considered low to support increased service demand, with a concomitant reduction in service capacity, and 
stretching of available resources. 
 
18 sworn 
0 civilians 
18 total 
19 sworn 
0 civilians 
19 total 
19 sworn 
0 civilians 
19 total 
18 sworn 
0 civilians 
18 total 
19 sworn 
2 civilians 
21 total 
20 sworn 
1 civilian 
21 total 
21 sworn 
1 civilian 
22 total 
 
2.2.4 – Police Service in Croton-on-Hudson 
 
The need for police service has increased steadily over the past two decades and is expected to continue to 
do so. The Police Department deals with approximately 5,500 to 6,000 calls for service, makes just under 
200 arrests, and issues 1,600 to 2,000 tickets per year (all numbers that are increasing steadily – ref. 
Section 2.2 for more details). 
 
Calls for Service: The number of calls for service has increased consistently since 1993 (first year of current 
reporting system) with minor fluctuations, at a rate much higher than population increase. The number of 
calls for service increased 66 percent from 3,621 in 1993 to an estimated 6,000 in 2007. In the same period 
population increased by between 10 and 12 percent. 
 
3,621 
3,984 
4,058 
4,425 
4,413 
5,012 
5,003 
4,863 
5,330 
5,687 
5,962 
5,578 
5,395 
5,524 
6,000 (est. extrapolated from 4,013 for first 8 months) 
 
Arrests: The number of arrests have increased over the years since 1993, to a high of 246 in 2002. While 
this number will likely fluctuate it is felt that the numbers will generally increase over time. 
 
111 (est. extrapolated from 65 for last six months) 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
219 (est. extrapolated from 146 for first 8 months) 
 
Tickets: The number of tickets issued has increased dramatically since 1993. Even discounting the low 
number in 1993 the rate has more than doubled since 1994. 
 
1,147 
1,413 
1,669 
1,953 
1,378 
1,414 
1,823 
2,047 
1,620 (est, extrapolated from 1,080 for first 8 months) 
 
In addition to the number of calls and incidents, consideration must be given to the increased time spent on 
each call, due to the increasing complexity and documentation involved, and increased court time. 
 
While the number calls for service has increased consistently, the numbers of offenses reported and cleared 
and the number of arrests have fluctuated. Traffic & vehicle incidents have increased dramatically, however, 
illustrating a growing traffic problem in the area and an increase in the demand for enforcement.  
 
Traffic Issues: Transportation systems serving (and passing through) Croton-on-Hudson and surrounding 
communities include a network of highways and streets, Metro North commuter rail line, bus routes, bicycle 
paths and sidewalks. Route 9 passes through the Village. These heavily-traveled highways and the 
commuter rail line form the backbone of Croton-on-Hudson’s transportation system. Heavy traffic volumes 
and high speeds have negatively impacted local road systems.  
 
This is a problem which is typical of many Westchester communities. Truck traffic in the area is also 
increasing year by year. The number of collisions and injuries has increased, together with concern of 
residents, and policing strategies have moved towards increased monitoring and enforcement. 
 
2.2.5 – Police Department Questionnaire & Interviews 
 
As part of the information-gathering phase of this project we conducted as on-site review of current police 
operations and existing facilities, general discussions on current and future policing operations in the Village, 
interviewed representatives of the various functional units within the Department, and issued questionnaires 
to elicit opinions from staff members. 
 
Information regarding the shortcomings of the current facilities is covered in Part 3. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
2.2.6 – Police Staffing, Regional & National Comparisons 
 
National population growth, crime rates and population are illustrated and compared in the table at the end 
of this section. Over the past 15 years or more the national level of law enforcement personnel (sworn and 
civilian) has grown at a significantly higher rate than population. 
 
• 
In 1990 U.S. law enforcement personnel numbered 714,260 (2.87 per 1,000) 
• 
In 2006 U.S. law enforcement personnel numbered 987,125 (3.30 per 1,000) 
 
• 
In 1990 Croton-on-Hudson had 19 total staff (2.71 per 1,000) 
• 
In 2006 Croton-on-Hudson had 22 total staff (2.78 per 1,000) 
 
As is typical for smaller agencies the Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has a lower staff-to-population 
rate than the national average. 
 
According to Crime in the United States – 2006 published by the US Department of Justice (Uniform Crime 
Reports) Croton-on-Hudson had a ratio of 2.78 sworn officers per 1,000 population1. This is slightly lower 
than the average for similar-sized Westchester County communities. As every Westchester community is 
different it would be unfair to make statistical comparisons, but it shows that staffing levels in Croton-on-
Hudson are lower than similar-sized communities and national averages. Croton-on-Hudson does, however, 
have a high service expectation from its community, and supports a number of services not always assigned 
to the police (e.g. dog control, parking and crossing guards). 
 
In the United States as a whole the downward trend in crime rates that has been evident since the early 
1990s appears to be slowing or reversing (see graph on following page). Crime rates in the United States 
reached a peak in 1991, and between that date and 2000 fell consistently. 2001 and 2002 UCR figures 
indicate this downward trend has stopped. The 2001 rate was up 2.3 percent over the 2000 low. The figures 
for 2002 are almost identical in terms of the number of crimes. In terms of the ratio to population the crime 
rate is actually lower than in 2000 (Ref: 2.3.4 - Crime Rates in the United States). 
 
It would be imprudent to base future police service levels, staffing and space requirements on a 
continuation of the downward trend in the national crime rate seen over the past decade and a half (and in 
any case the trend in Croton-on-Hudson is very different, based on a number of factors that make Croton-
on-Hudson unique). There was a similar peak in 1980/1981 and a fall in crime rates until 1984 – then rates 
climbed dramatically until the 1991 peak. Recent UCR statistics may presage a similar reversal. 
 
2.2.7 – Police Service Projections 
 
While future service levels in Croton-on-Hudson (and elsewhere) are impossible to predict with accuracy, it 
is evident that the trend for service (and the time involved) is upwards over the long term. Even if crime 
rates do not increase significantly, the need for police service will. Nationally, recent downward trends in the 
crime rate are seen to be reversing. While crime rates in Croton-on-Hudson may not increase dramatically, 
the trend over the past 25 years has indicated an overall increase in police service levels and the need for 
increased resources in the future to adequately address these. 
 
2.2.8 – Estimated Police Staffing Growth in Croton-on-Hudson 
 
To continue an effective pro-active and community-based policing approach in Croton-on-Hudson additional 
police officers and support staff will be required as the community grows. In attempting to forecast future 
staffing levels we have presented two different calculation models. These yield slightly different results as 
described below. Note that these are projections of what future staffing levels may be, in order to plan 
appropriate facilities – not recommendations on future staffing. 
                                                    
1 UCR statistics may vary slightly from CPD internal data, however they provide a useful comparison between 
communities for crime rates, population and police staff. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
1 – Requirements for Individual Functional Units  
 
Based on interviews with senior administration and representatives of the various functional units within the 
Department the following additional staff was anticipated over the next 25 years or beyond. We have 
anticipated no growth in the number of staff in support units (parking enforcement, crossing guards, 
seasonal park rangers, auxiliary police), however any future fluctuation from the current number would 
have little or no impact on building space requirements. 
 
Anticipated Growth – 2007 to 2032  
Current Employees (incl. Dispatcher, excl. support units) 
 
Administration: 
101 – Senior Administration 
One future administrative assistant 
+1 
 
Designated Administrative Sergeant position 
+1 
102 – Records & Information Services 
One future civilian clerical position 
possible +1 
 
Subtotal – Administration 
+2 to 3 
Patrol Services: 
201 – Patrol & Operational Units 
Four additional patrol officers1 
+4 
202 – Front Desk/Dispatch 
One additional dispatcher 
+1 
203 – Support Units 
No anticipated staff growth 
 
Subtotal – Patrol Services 
+5 
Investigative Services: 
301 – Detective Bureau 
One dedicated Sergeant, one add’l detective 
+1 to 2 
302 – Youth Bureau 
Dedicated investigator 
+1 
303 – Ident & Property 
No staff, responsibility assigned from above 
 
Subtotal – Investigative Services 
+2 to 3 
 
Total Growth – 2007 to 2032 
+9 to 11 
 
Current Department Staff (excl. support units)     
 
Anticipated Future Total Staffing 
31 to 33 
 
25-Year Growth 
+40-50% 
 
Annual Growth (1 position every 2 ½ years) 
1.5 to 2% 
 
This broadly corresponds with anticipated staffing growth based on future higher police-to-population ratios, 
whereby total Department staff could reach 29-30 by 2032 (excl. support units). In our experience small to 
medium-sized police departments are undergoing a degree of specialization requiring designated, trained 
personnel in areas such as family violence/youth crime and specialized investigations and increased 
documentation of incidents and court case preparation. 
 
2 – Police-to-Population Ratios 
 
Since 1990 the level of law enforcement personnel across the U.S. (sworn and civilian) has grown at a 
significantly higher rate than population (ref. table 2.3.5 at the end of this section). 
 
• 
In 1990 U.S. law enforcement personnel numbered 714,260 (2.87 per 1,000) 
• 
In 1990 Croton-on-Hudson had 19 total staff (2.71 per 1,000) 
 
• 
In 2006 U.S. law enforcement personnel numbered 987,125 (3.30 per 1,000) 
• 
In 2006 Croton-on-Hudson had 22 total staff2 (2.78 per 1,000) 
 
• 
In 2006, if Croton-on-Hudson’s police staff had grown at a similar rate as nationally, police staff 
would have totaled 24 (3.1 per 1,000) 
 
• 
If the national rate of change was extrapolated and applied to Croton-on-Hudson’s current staffing, 
the Department would have 29-30 total staff by 2032 (3.35 per 1,000) 
 
1 Additional patrol officers over that noted above will have little impact on building space requirements, other than locker 
space, which has been sized to accommodate fluctuations in the male/female officer ratio. 
2 Excluding support units (parking enforcement, crossing guards, seasonal park rangers and auxiliary police). 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
The above estimates are based on a future 2032 population (for planning purposes) of 8,300 to 9,000. 
 
Considering consistent national trends over the past 17 years it is not unreasonable to expect the need for 
police staff in Croton-on-Hudson to increase at a greater rate than population over the next 25 years. 
 
2.2.9 – Conclusions, Police Staffing 
 
The projections above are based on past history, perceived trends and opinions about future policing needs 
in the Village of Croton-on-Hudson. Actual future staffing numbers will depend on a number of factors – 
population growth (both in Croton-on-Hudson and in the surrounding areas) crime rates, calls for service, 
traffic growth, policing strategies and effectiveness, socio-economic conditions, court-driven legislation, 
national security threats and responses, and funding practices. Other unforeseen factors may also impact 
policing services and resource requirements (such as inter-agency cooperation or regional policing 
initiatives). 
 
It is prudent to plan for the future – and every effort should be made to ensure that this is a prudent 
economic investment in the Village’s future and safety. The new facility should be designed to be flexible, to 
allow the department to grow and respond to new policing demands, strategies and responses. Also, we 
believe that variation from the projected numbers is likely to be in the area of patrol staff where the only 
impact on space requirements will be additional locker space. Other spaces used by patrol officers will be 
able to accommodate modest increases without significant loss of efficiency. Although the new building will 
be theoretically planned for 25 years (per industry best practices and IACP recommendations) it is likely 
that, if planned correctly, it will likely meet the needs of the department and the citizens of Croton-on-
Hudson well beyond that horizon. 
 
The planning of the new building covered in the following sections is based on a reasonable projected level 
of growth over the next 25 to 30 years to address continually increasing police service demand.  For facility 
planning purposes we have used a future 25-year staffing level of 33 (from 56 now), or just under one new 
position per year). Fluctuations from this number will likely mainly be in the area of field officers and 
supervisors, and the impact on facility requirements will be minimal. 
 
• 
Current Total Staff 
(2007, incl. civilian dispatcher, excl. support units) 
• 
Future Total Staff 
(2032, incl. civilians, excl. support units)  
29 to 33 
• 
Growth  
(25 years, 1 position every 2-3 years) 
 
+7 to 11 positions 
 
2.2.10 – Court Functions 
 
The Village Court occupies space on the first floor (courtroom, small holding area, jury room and offices for 
the Court Clerk and judge. Excluding the judge there are 4 court employees (Clerk and 3 clerical staff). A 
public counter is provided for public enquiries, fines payment and to get criminal records. 
 
A security report was carried out in 2006 by the New York Department of Public Safety with respect to court 
facilities which identified several security concerns. These are outlined in Section 3.1. 
 
Court staff is anticipated to increase by up to 2 additional clerical staff (Refer to Staff & Space Schedules in 
Section 3.4). 
 
2.3.5 - Crime & Law Enforcement in the United States (1974 to 2006)
Source: UCR Reports
Year
 US Population 
 Crime Index 
Total  Violent Crime  Property Crime 
Total per 
100,000 
Violent per 
100,000 
Property per 
100,000 
Total Law 
Enforcement 
Personnel
Rate per 
1,000
211,392,000
     
10,253,420
    
974,720
         
9,278,700
      
4,850
     
4,389
       
213,124,000
     
11,292,410
    
1,039,710
      
10,252,700
    
5,299
     
4,811
       
214,659,000
     
11,349,710
    
1,004,210
      
10,345,500
    
5,287
     
4,820
       
216,332,000
     
10,984,580
    
1,029,580
      
9,955,000
      
5,078
     
4,602
       
218,059,000
     
11,208,950
    
1,085,550
      
10,123,400
    
5,140
     
4,643
       
220,099,000
     
12,249,530
    
1,208,030
      
11,041,500
    
5,565
     
5,017
       
225,349,264
     
13,408,220
    
1,344,520
      
12,063,700
    
5,950
     
5,353
       
81 (peak)
229,146,000
     
13,423,720
    
1,361,820
      
12,061,900
    
5,858
     
5,264
       
231,534,000
     
12,974,390
    
1,322,390
      
11,652,000
    
5,604
     
5,033
       
233,981,000
     
12,108,590
    
1,258,090
      
10,850,500
    
5,175
     
4,637
       
236,158,000
     
11,881,780
    
1,273,280
      
10,608,500
    
5,031
     
4,492
       
238,740,000
     
12,431,400
    
1,328,800
      
11,102,600
    
5,207
     
4,650
       
241,077,000
     
13,211,870
    
1,489,170
      
11,722,700
    
5,480
     
4,863
       
243,400,000
     
13,508,700
    
1,484,000
      
12,024,700
    
5,550
     
4,940
       
245,807,000
     
13,923,120
    
1,566,220
      
12,356,900
    
5,664
     
5,027
       
248,239,000
     
14,251,440
    
1,646,040
      
12,605,400
    
5,741
     
5,078
       
248,709,873
     
14,475,630
    
1,820,130
      
12,655,500
    
5,820
     
5,088
       
714,260
          
2.87
     
91 (peak)
252,177,000
     
14,872,870
    
1,911,770
      
12,961,100
    
5,898
     
5,140
       
732,000
          
2.90
     
255,082,000
     
14,438,170
    
1,932,270
      
12,505,900
    
5,660
     
4,903
       
750,000
          
2.94
     
257,908,000
     
14,140,990
    
1,924,190
      
12,216,800
    
5,483
     
4,737
       
766,126
          
2.97
     
260,341,000
     
13,991,670
    
1,864,170
      
12,127,500
    
5,374
     
4,658
       
782,110
          
3.00
     
262,755,000
     
13,867,190
    
1,798,790
      
12,068,400
    
5,278
     
4,593
       
813,536
          
3.10
     
265,284,000
     
13,473,614
    
1,682,278
      
11,791,336
    
5,079
     
4,445
       
829,838
          
3.13
     
267,637,000
     
13,194,571
    
1,636,096
      
11,558,475
    
4,930
     
4,319
       
858,532
          
3.21
     
270,296,000
     
12,475,634
    
1,531,044
      
10,944,590
    
4,616
     
4,049
       
894,535
          
3.31
     
272,691,000
     
11,635,149
    
1,430,693
      
10,204,456
    
4,267
     
3,742
       
899,118
          
3.30
     
281,421,906
     
11,608,070
    
1,425,486
      
10,182,584
    
4,125
     
3,618
       
926,583
          
3.29
     
285,317,559
     
11,876,669
    
1,436,611
      
10,412,395
    
4,163
     
3,649
       
939,030
          
3.29
     
287,973,924
     
11,877,218
    
1,423,677
      
10,455,277
    
4,124
     
3,631
       
957,502
          
3.32
     
290,809,777
     
11,816,782
    
1,381,259
      
10,435,523
    
4,063
     
3,588
       
948,942
          
3.26
     
293,656,842
     
11,679,474
    
1,360,088
      
10,319,386
    
3,977
     
3,514
       
970,588
          
3.31
     
296,507,061
     
11,565,499
    
1,390,745
      
10,174,754
    
3,901
     
3,432
       
969,070
          
3.27
     
299,398,484
     
11,401,313
    
1,417,745
      
9,983,568
      
3,808
     
3,335
       
987,125
          
3.30
     
Dec 19, 2005: Preliminary UCR data for January to June 2005 indicate that crime 
rates nationally are continuing a downward trend.
- Violent Crime down 0.5%
- Property Crime down 2.8%
- Arson down 5.6%
 Total number of law enforcement employees shown on a scale of 
population x 300. Where employee and population lines cross, ratio is 
3.33/1,000. 
US Crime, Population & Law Enforcement Personnel - 1974 to 2006
10,000,000
10,500,000
11,000,000
11,500,000
12,000,000
12,500,000
13,000,000
13,500,000
14,000,000
14,500,000
15,000,000
200,000,000
210,000,000
220,000,000
230,000,000
240,000,000
250,000,000
260,000,000
270,000,000
280,000,000
290,000,000
300,000,000
Crime Index Total
US Population
Employees
Crime Index
Population
Employees x 300
Population
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 3 – Facility Requirements 
 
3.1 – Existing Facilities 
 
3.1.1 – Existing Police Department & Village Court 
 
The existing space assigned to the police department within the Village Hall (approx. 4,800 sq.ft, including 
police garage and archived records storage) is totally inadequate and has long ceased to meet police 
department space needs effectively. The space is overcrowded, badly planned and working conditions do 
not support efficient or safe police operations. Many functions must share small, crowded offices. The area 
allocated is about half that required for an efficient police facility. 
 
Current Police Department: 
 
First Floor 
Public lobby, front desk, interview room, holding room, bathroom, 
chief’s office, men’s & women’s locker rooms, pantry/coffee area, 
records room, sergeants & lieutenant offices, youth division – 2,505 
sq.ft. 
 
Detective office, evidence storage & exercise room – 875 sq.ft. 
 
Storage room (near jury room) – 160 sq.ft 
 
Police auxiliary office & storage – 220 sq.ft. 
Basement 
Police garage & storage – 940 sq.ft. 
 
Police records – 100 sq.ft. 
 
The court occupies around 2,200 sq.ft on the first floor – courtroom, jury room, small holding area for 
prisoners, open office for court clerk and administrative staff, an adjacent break room that doubles as the 
judge’s chamber, and a small 100 sq.ft area in the basement for archived files and records.  
 
The space allocated is inadequate for court functions, but a far more serious concern is the planning and 
layout imposed by the existing building. There is no way to screen members of the public attending court, 
and no way to separate prisoners and members of the public or opposing litigants. Security concerns are 
addressed below. 
 
Current Court: 
 
First Floor 
Courtroom, prisoner holding room, jury room – 1,300 sq.ft. 
 
Court offices & public counter, judge’s chamber/break room – 900 sq.ft. 
 
Basement 
Court records/archived files – 100 sq.ft. 
 
The entire building is serviced by an exterior emergency generator installed in 2007. 
 
It has been over thirty years since a formal review of police operations and facilities has been conducted. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
3.1.2 – Site & Parking 
 
The Village Hall occupies a property of just under 2 acres at the intersection of Van Wyck Street and Old 
Post Road, although almost  of that is unusable due to site grades (it slopes steeply down to Brook Street to 
the west). There are two vehicle access points off Van Wyck Street to the east. There is insufficient parking 
on site for department and personal vehicles for police and court staff. The situation becomes critical at shift 
overlap and on court dates. Six parking spaces are allocated to the police department, which is inadequate 
to accommodate the number of operational and personal vehicles. Visitor spaces depend on availability, and 
street parking is often the only option, particularly on court days. 
 
3.1.3 – Space, Security & Other Concerns 
 
There are a number of security concerns and access issues surrounding the police department portion of the 
building and the Village Hall as a whole, including: 
 
• 
Uncontrolled vehicle access onto and through the property, allowing vehicles to be parked or come 
very close to the building. 
• 
Lack of physical protection (e.g. fences). 
• 
Propane tank for emergency generator not secured. 
• 
Inadequate site lighting and landscape features which interfere with natural surveillance & safety. 
• 
Uncontrolled public access into the building (court, main corridors and village offices), lack of 
security screening. 
• 
Poor security at the police department front desk/dispatch area. 
• 
Lack of a secure prisoner transfer sallyport. 
• 
No proper secure area for transferring or holding prisoners, or for separating suspects and 
victims/witnesses. 
• 
Inadequate facilities for proper interviewing of youth, and separation from adults (the youth office 
is designated by the state but does not meet typical operational standards). 
• 
Lack of privacy for sensitive interviews and conversations. 
• 
No area for mail or delivery screening. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
• 
Inadequate locker space and support areas (showers, bathrooms, etc.), particularly for female 
officers, and no dedicated female bathroom within the department space. 
 
A security report was carried out in 2006 by the NY Department of Public Safety with respect to court 
facilities which identified several security concerns in addition to those listed above: 
 
• 
No access control or security screening for court attendees. 
• 
No separate access or circulation for judicial staff – judges must use public corridor. 
• 
Lack of separation between members of the public and arrested persons, and between opposing 
litigants. 
• 
Loose furniture in the courtroom and lack of physical security features to protect judge and court 
personnel. 
 
All the security concerns mentioned above and included in the NYDPS report could be addressed and 
incorporated into the design of a new police/court building. 
 
3.1.4 – Existing Floorplans 
 
Refer to drawings of the first and second floors on the following pages. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
3.2 – Police & Court Space & Facility Requirements 
 
3.2.1 – New Police/Court Building 
 
A new police/court building to accommodate up to 42 police personnel (33 police plus support units) and up 
to 6 court staff, including indoor police garage and secure prisoner sallyport will require around 18,000 
gross square feet. 
 
Space allocated to each division will be approximately as follows. Areas are rounded, and the actual space 
given to each may vary depending on the final building layout and internal planning adopted during the 
design phase. Areas represent ‘usable area’ and refer to the approximate amount of space each division will 
occupy, including internal circulation. To determine the total gross building area (upon which cost estimates 
and site planning are based) a grossing factor is applied to account for major internal circulation corridors, 
stairs and elevators, service spaces, structure and the thickness of exterior walls. 
 
Division 
Components 
Usable Area (rounded) 
100 – Senior Administration 
Chief, admin support, Records 
1,650 sq.ft 
200 – Patrol Services 
Patrol, Dispatch/Front Desk, Support Units 
1,600 sq.ft 
300 – Investigative Services 
Detectives, Youth Bureau, Ident & Property 
1,380 sq.ft 
400 – Booking/Holding 
Booking, detention cells, sallyport 
1,420 sq.ft 
500 – PD Common Areas 
Multipurpose room, staff amenities, lockers, storage, mech/elec 
3,500 sq.ft 
600 – Police Garage 
Police garage, storage, bicycles 
1,440 sq.ft 
 
Subtotal – Police Department (Usable Area) 
10,990 sq.ft 
 
Grossing Factor 
1.25 
 
Gross Floor Area – PD (including Garage) 
13,700 sq.ft 
 
700 – Municipal Court 
Courtroom, court offices, public amenities 
3,440 sq.ft 
 
Grossing Factor 
1.25 
 
Gross Floor Area – Court 
4,300 sq.ft 
 
Total Gross Floor Area 
18,000 sq.ft 
 
Staff and space tables listing all the spaces required for each functional unit are included in Section 3.4.  
 
As demonstrated in the Staff and Space tables the difference between current police department needs (the 
department with its current 2007 staff and functions) and projected future needs is very small. The areas 
assigned will allow the department to be flexible and to adapt to future policing strategies and long-term 
growth. Providing the small amount of additional space for future growth will be a prudent investment and 
will enhance future flexibility. 
 
3.2.2 – Space per Person Ratios 
 
To accommodate a future police staff complement of around 42 (33 police + support units) 11,940 square 
feet of gross floor area has been assigned to the police portion of the building (excluding the garage), or 
roughly 292 square feet per person at planned occupancy.  
 
While it is recommended that the space requirements for every agency be determined individually (to 
account for widely-differing facility needs, particularly with smaller agencies) the International Association of 
Chiefs of Police (IACP) recognizes that around between 250 and 300 square feet per person is a reasonable 
average. Therefore we believe that the space requirements given above represent a reasonable estimate for 
a department of this size. The actual gross floor area may vary depending on the final building design and 
configuration.

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
3.2.3 – Requirements for Functional Units 
 
100 – Senior Administration 
 
Commander 
Dennis Coxen, Chief of Police 
Responsibilities 
Overall department administration/command, records. 
Staffing 
Chief of Police, Patrol & Detective Division commanders (2 Lts), future 
dedicated Admin Sergeant, future admin support, future dedicated 
Records clerk 
Current Facilities 
Office for Chief, (Lts. offices located close to units) separate area for 
records/files 
Space Requirements 
101 – Senior Administration: offices for Chief, Lieutenants, future 
dedicated Admin Sgt., workstation for admin assistant, waiting area, 
confidential files (secure), access to common conference room, resource 
area. 
 
102 – Records: Workstation form future clerk & temporary staff, central 
file/records storage, printer/copier, computer/server room, supplies 
storage. 
Planning Considerations 
Area should be secured after business hours. The copier area should be 
planned to be accessible to other divisions after hours.  
 
Only screened/controlled visitors. 
 
200 – Patrol Services Division 
 
Commander 
Lieut. Russ Harper (office located in 101 above) 
Responsibilities 
Patrol operations, station command and front desk/communications, 
traffic enforcement, support units (parking enforcement, crossing 
guards, seasonal park rangers, auxiliary), detention, fleet & equipment. 
Staffing 
Patrol Sergeants (5), patrol officers (growth from 12 to 16), dispatchers 
(growth from 1 to 2), support units (9 plus aux.). 
Current Facilities 
Sergeants’ office (shared), inadequate briefing & report-writing area, 
combined dispatch/front desk counter (insecure), one interview room, 
workroom for Auxiliary. 
Space Requirements 
201 – Patrol Units: Shared Sergeant’s office, briefing/reports area, 
interview room, resource area. 
 
202 – Front Desk/Dispatch: front desk counter, dispatch console, 
dedicated washroom. 
 
203 – Support Units: workstations and storage for support units. 
Planning Considerations 
Locate on main floor, in reasonable proximity to parking lot, front desk, 
Records and Detective Bureau. Locate in reasonable proximity to the 
booking area and evidence drop lockers. 
 
300 – Investigative Services Division 
 
Commander 
Lieut. Tramaglini (office located in 101 above). 
Responsibilities 
Investigations (Detective Bureau, Youth Bureau), Ident & Property. 
Staffing 
1 Detective (growth to 2, plus Det/Sgt), one future dedicated YB 
detective. 
Current Facilities 
Office for youth bureau, small evidence storage room, small photo lab. 
Space Requirements 
301 – Detective Bureau: Office for future D/Sgt, shared office for 
detectives, interview room with recording equipment, file/storage area. 
 
302 – Youth Bureau: Office, ‘soft’ interview room, secure files. 
 
303 – Ident & Property: Secure exhibit intake area, small ident lab 
(fingerprints, chemical work), drying cabinets, secure exhibit storage 
(restricted access) with separate firearms & drug vaults. 
Planning Considerations 
Locate in reasonable proximity to Patrol Services. 
 
302 – Youth Bureau: Separate YB from remainder of police operations, 
with separate entrance (NY certified space). 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
400 – Booking/Holding 
 
Function 
Prisoner processing (breath/sobriety tests, fingerprinting, photography), 
booking and short-term detention. 
Staffing 
None 
Current Facilities 
Small booking area, 1 holding room. 
Space Requirements 
Sallyport (prisoner transfer), booking area/holding cage, secure 
processing and interrogation/interview rooms, segregated detention 
cells (male, female, juvenile), washroom. 
Planning Considerations 
Locate away from public areas. Locate sallyport out of public view if 
possible. Restricted area (sworn officers and authorized monitoring staff 
only), controlled egress. 
 
500 – Common Areas 
 
Function 
501 – Multipurpose Room 
Current Facilities 
Existing ‘classroom’ used for different activities (briefing, training, lunch, 
public meetings) 
Space Requirements 
Large room for community meetings, training, press conferences and 
emergency operations.  
Planning Considerations 
Locate off public lobby for direct (controlled/supervised) access. Provide 
secondary access from the police zone. 
 
Function 
502 – Lockers, Washrooms, Fitness  
Current Facilities 
Undersized locker rooms, fitness room 
Space Requirements 
Washrooms, shower, locker rooms (24/30” wide lockers for officers, 
day-use lockers for civilian staff), staff lounge and first-aid room. 
Planning Considerations 
Direct access from locker to fitness room.  
 
Function 
503 – Public-Access Areas – Primary public reception point 
Current Facilities 
Public Lobby (front desk and records counters), public washrooms. 
Space Requirements 
Public lobby and washrooms 
Planning Considerations 
Direct access to records counter (secure) and front desk. 
 
600 – Police Garage 
 
Function 
Vehicle storage, limited maintenance, secure impound, large-item 
storage, bicycles, etc. 
Current Facilities 
None 
Space Requirements 
Garage bays, maintenance bays, large evidence storage, bicycle 
storage, impound garage, bicycle team area, equipment storage. 
Planning Considerations 
Vehicle access 
 
700 – Village Court 
 
Function 
Municipal court (presided over by Hon. Sam R. Watkins Jr.) Criminal, 
Civil and VTL courts. 
Current Facilities 
Courtroom, jury room, small holding area for prisoners, open office for 
court clerk and administrative staff, an adjacent break room that 
doubles as the judge’s chamber, and a small area in the basement for 
archived files and records. 
Space Requirements 
As above, plus additional/larger spaces, proper prisoner holding area, 
separate public lobby and bathrooms (not shared with other 
functions/uses), attorney/prisoner conference room, proper private 
office for judge. 
Planning Considerations 
Separate public entrance & hallway with screening area, separate 
secure prisoner transfer/holding area, properly planned and secure area 
per NY Dept. of Public Safety and industry standards. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
 
3.2.4 – Parking and Outside Areas 
 
The department currently maintains a fleet of 12 vehicles (Dec 2007), anticipated to increase to around 15 
to 18 as the department grows. 
 
Secure, dedicated parking is required for approximately 50 vehicles to accommodate current and future 
needs for police operational vehicles and police & court staff, plus 30 to 40 spaces for visitors. Space is also 
required for impounded vehicles, and others (e.g. involved in a fatal collision) that should be kept under 
police control, as well as vehicles waiting to be sold or new vehicles being prepared for duty. Department 
vehicles are fuelled off-site. 
 
Ideally there should be a covered area for on-duty police cruisers. As the department has some larger-than-
average vehicles some parking spaces should be larger than normal. Parking spaces for on-duty cruisers 
should be one to two feet wider than the minimum required. Ideally cruiser parking should be covered. 
 
Parking Summary: 
 
• 
Department vehicles 
 
16 spaces 
• 
Police Staff Vehicles (shift overlap) 
27 spaces 
• 
Court Staff (incl. judge) 
 
7 spaces 
• 
Accessible Spaces 
 
2 spaces 
• 
Total Department Requirements 
52 spaces 
• 
Visitors (incl. accessible spaces) 
30-40 spaces 
 
The peak demand for police parking will be at shift overlap. During other times of day the demand is less. 
Similarly the peak demand for court parking will only occur at certain times during the week. If the overall 
parking provisions on site allow for flexible use by police staff, municipal and court staff, and visitors, the 
requirements for dedicated police parking can be reduced. We propose around 50 dedicated spaces for 
police & court, between 30 and 40 visitor spaces (depending on the availability of nearby street or other 
parking), plus required accessible spaces. 
 
3.2.5 – Parking Lot & Site Security 
 
Ideally the parking area used for department & court vehicles and staff should be secured and separate 
from other publicly-accessible parking lots and driveways. While gates and fences may not be appropriate or 
necessary for the police parking lot, the site should be designed to control and direct members of the public 
away from police parking areas, and pedestrian traffic through the lot prevented. If deemed necessary 
gates can be added at later date. 
 
On all the properties examined in this study (ref. Part 4) it would be impossible to provide the federally-
recommended 100-foot buffer zone between non-controlled vehicle areas and the police building, however 
other measures can be taken in building and site design to minimize risk and reduce the potential for 
vehicles to be used to attack or harm. 
 
The site and configuration of driveways should enable police vehicles to get off the property by at least two 
separate routes in case one gets blocked, either deliberately or accidentally. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
3.3 – Building & Site Requirements 
 
3.3.1 – Building Planning and Floor Distribution 
 
There are a number of important adjacencies within the building, as well as separations between critical 
functions. In general a new police/court building should be designed according to the following zones: 
 
• 
Public-Access Zone – including the front desk and public meeting room. It should be possible to expand 
this zone from time to time in a controlled manner to include the Community/Multipurpose room 
(courtroom) without compromising security of the building.  
 
• 
Secure Police Zone – This is the main working part of the building, and must be secure and accessible 
to police staff only. Access is normally controlled by a programmable card-based access control system. 
Access from the public zone into the secure part of the building must be strictly controlled. Non-police 
personnel should only enter this zone under escort. 
 
• 
Detention Zone – This zone includes the prisoner intake and processing areas, secure interview rooms 
and detention cells. Access into and out of this zone must be strictly controlled. According to 
department policy no firearms will be permitted and lockers should be provided to secure officer’s 
weapons prior to entering the area. The booking/intake area should be connected directly to the secure 
prisoner sallyport garage and have a secure route to the court holding area. 
 
• 
Restricted Zone – This includes areas restricted to authorized personnel only, such as the 
evidence/property room, identifications lab, and the communications area. 
 
• 
Court Zone – separate public entrance, with secure separation between this, prisoner areas and court 
staff areas. Under the plan envisioned for a combined police/court building the courtroom should be 
planned to allow controlled public access and use without compromising overall building security. 
 
3.3.2 – Floor Distribution 
 
A police/court facility of this size would function well if properly planned on two or three levels. The main 
floor (which comprises the public-access areas and key operational components) will comprise between 40 
and 70 percent of the whole, depending on the distribution of functions by floor and the number of floors. 
This would result in a building footprint of between 10,500 and 13,000 square feet for a two-floor structure. 
We have listed a number of floor distribution options that could be used on sites of different size and 
configuration. (Refer to the floor distribution tables in Section 3.4) 
 
• 
Two floors plus basement garage 
• 
Two floors plus a partial basement 
• 
Two floors with no basement 
 
In extreme cases, where the site is very restricted, the functions could be distributed differently in order to 
make a smaller footprint (e.g. three floors plus a basement), but this would result in some internal 
inefficiencies and loss of some required adjacencies. 
 
3.3.3 – Site Requirements & Planning Considerations 
 
Ideally, to accommodate a new police building, parking and other required outdoor spaces a site of between 
2 and 3 acres would be required. This would accommodate visitor parking, driveways and landscaped areas. 
It may be possible to locate a new police facility on a smaller site with some compromises or loss of parking.  
 
Parking Requirements – approximately 50 to 60 spaces are required for future department and staff 
vehicles. Any indoor parking spaces provided can be deducted from this figure. Provide accessible parking 
spaces as required by code. 
 
Depending on land availability and other design considerations parking should ideally be provided on-grade 
(the least costly option). Restricted sites or those with significant grade changes may require construction of 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
a parking deck. If the opportunity exists to provide inexpensive indoor parking (e.g. in a basement area) 
this should be considered. Provide accessible parking spaces as required by code. 
 
Vehicle Access & Egress – to reduce the risk of emergency vehicles being blocked in (either deliberately or 
accidentally) we recommend providing alternate means for police vehicles to enter and/or leave the 
property. 
 
Visitor Parking – Visitor parking should be kept separate from department and staff parking, close to the 
public entrance. Provide accessible parking spaces as required by code. 
 
Site Security – the site should be fenced to reduce the risk of trespass and damage to department or staff 
vehicles. Depending on the selected location and other issues a security gate may be required. 
 
Zoning Issues – a number of planning and zoning issues must be considered when determining the 
suitability of any proposed site. Considerations should include: 
 
• 
Permitted use 
• 
Coverage & Building Height 
• 
Setbacks & Site Planning Considerations 
• 
Landscaping & Open Areas 
• 
Parking requirements 
 
3.3.4 – Generic Site Requirements 
 
Refer to the diagram on the following page for an illustration of one possible way to accommodate a new 
police/court building on a generic, undetermined site. This is intended to show the approximate size 
property required to accommodate a new building, however final site and building configuration will be 
determined by many factors during design once a site has been selected. 
 
• 
Minimum usable area 
 
1.8 to 2.0 acres 
 
• 
Recommended minimum property area 
2.0 to 2.5 acres 
 
The actual site area required will depend on site shape, topography, features, setback and zoning 
requirements and many other factors. Any site under consideration should be examined in detail and tested 
as to whether it can meet all program and physical requirements, is adequately serviced, is appropriately 
zoned, and has acceptable soil conditions. 
 
Refer to Part 4.0 for accommodation options. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
3.4 – Staff & Space Schedules 
 
3.4.1 – Staff & Space Summary 
3.4.2 – Staff & Space Schedules 
3.4.3 – Floor Distribution Tables 

3.4.1 - Staff & Space Summary
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
100 - Administration
Current
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
101 - Senior Administration
-
              
1,050
         
102 - Records and Information Services
-
              
Usable Area
-
              
1,330
          
1,650
         
200 - Patrol Services
Current
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
-
              
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
-
              
203 - Support Units
-
              
Usable Area
-
              
1,540
          
1,600
         
300 - Investigative Services
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
301 - Detective Bureau
-
              
302 - Youth Bureau
-
              
303 - Ident & Property
-
              
Usable Area
-
              
1,240
          
1,380
         
400 - Booking/Holding
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
401 - Detention Area
-
              
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
-
              
Usable Area
-
              
1,420
          
1,420
         
500 - Common Areas
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
501 - Common/Shared Areas
-
              
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
-
              
1,440
          
1,590
         
503 - Public Access Areas
-
              
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
-
              
Usable Area
-
              
3,250
          
3,500
         
600 - Indoor Vehicle & Storage
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
601 - Police Garage
-
              
1,440
          
1,440
         
Subtotal - Usable Area
-
              
1,440
          
1,440
         
Staff & Space Requirements (Police)
Current
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Staff Total (incl. support units)
35%
Subtotal - Usable Area
-
              
10,220
         
10,990
       
Police Total (excl. support units)
Growth
Grossing Factor
#DIV/0!
1.25
            
1.25
          
Current police staff = 21 sworn + 1 dispatcher
GFA Including Garage
12,800
         
13,700
       
Space/Person (incl. Garage)
             
Space/Person (excl. Garage)
             
700 - Municipal Court
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
701 - Municipal Court
-
              
2,200
          
2,200
         
702 - Court Office
-
              
1,070
          
1,240
         
Court Staff Total
Subtotal - Usable Area
-
              
3,270
          
3,440
         
Grossing Factor
#DIV/0!
1.25
            
1.25
          
GFA
4,100
          
4,300
         
Total Staff & Space Requirements
Current
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Building Total (Police, Support & Court)
Total Gross Floor Area
16,900
         
18,000
       
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc. 
1/20/2008

3.4.2 - Staff & Space Schedules
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
100 - Administration
101 - Senior Administration
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Chief of Police
Office
   
-
     
Change/Washroom
     
-
     
Future Admin. Assistant
Workstation
      
-
     
-
           
Confidential Files
incl.
     
Patrol Division Commander
Office
   
-
     
Detective Div. Commander
Office
   
-
     
Admin Sergeant
Office
   
-
     
-
           
Resource Area
incl.
     
67%
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.25
         
1.25
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
1,050
       
102 - Records and Information Services
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Records Clerk
Workstation
     
-
     
Temp Workstation
      
-
     
-
           
Central Files
   
-
     
Resource Area
     
-
     
Copy Stn. (common)
   
-
     
Supplies Storage
     
-
     
Computer/Server Rm
   
-
     
Public Counter
     
-
     
#DIV/0!
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
200 - Patrol Services
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Patrol Sergeants
Shared Office
   
-
     
Patrol Officers
Reports/Briefing
   
-
     
Interview Room
     
-
     
Resource Workstation
     
-
     
Resource Counter
     
-
     
Equipment Storage
     
-
     
24%
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Front Desk
   
-
     
Dispatchers
Dispatch Console
   
-
     
Washroom
     
-
     
100%
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
203 - Support Units
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Parking Enforcement
Workstation
     
-
     
Crossing Guards
Use above
-
     
-
           
-
          
Seasonal Park Rangers
Use above
Auxillary Police
Office/Workroom
   
-
     
Resource/Storage
     
-
     
Excl. Auxillary Police
0%
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc.
1/20/2008

3.4.2 - Staff & Space Schedules
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
300 - Investigative Services
301 - Detective Bureau
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Detective Sergeant
Office
   
-
     
Detectives
Shared Office
   
-
     
Interview Room
   
-
     
Files/Storage
     
-
     
Resource Area
     
-
     
200%
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
302 - Youth Bureau
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Youth Bureau Detective
Office/Files
   
-
     
Soft Interview
   
-
     
#DIV/0!
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Growth
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.00
         
1.00
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
303 - Ident & Property
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Evidence Officer
Evidence Intake
     
-
     
(incl. in above units)
Drying Cabinets (3)
     
-
     
Evidence Storage
   
-
     
Identification Lab.
   
-
     
Photo Lab
-
     
-
           
-
          
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.10
         
1.10
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc.
1/20/2008

3.4.2 - Staff & Space Schedules
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
400 - Booking/Holding
401 - Detention Area
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Booking/Monitoring
   
-
     
Holding Room
   
-
     
Breath/Photo
   
-
     
Pris. Property/Storage
     
-
     
Adult Cells
     
-
     
Interrogation Room
     
-
     
Washroom
     
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.35
         
1.35
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Sallyport (1 car)
   
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Internal Circulation
1.00
         
1.00
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
500 - Common Areas
501 - Common/Shared Areas
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Multipurpose Room
   
-
     
Break Room
   
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Internal Circulation
1.10
         
1.10
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Male Officers
Male Officer Lockers
   
-
     
Civilian/Aux. Lockers
     
Men's Washroom A
   
-
     
Men's Showers
   
Men's Washroom B
     
-
     
Female Officers
Female Officer Lockers
     
-
     
Civilian/Aux. Lockers
     
Women's W'room A
   
-
     
Women's Showers
     
Women's W'room B
     
-
     
Fitness Room
   
-
     
(total for lockers, not staff)
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
1,312
        
1,445
       
(staff included in units above)
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.10
         
1.10
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
1,440
        
1,590
       
503 - Public Access Areas
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Vestibule
     
-
     
Public Lobby
   
-
     
Public Washroom
     
-
     
Meeting Room 
   
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
1 - Meeting room accessible from Public side and Police side. Include F/P station, camera.
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.00
         
1.00
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc.
1/20/2008

3.4.2 - Staff & Space Schedules
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Generator
(outside)
Elec/Tel/Mech
(in grossing factor)
General Storage (PD)
   
-
     
Police Archives
   
-
     
Court Archives
   
-
     
Custodian
Bldg. Maintenance
   
-
     
Janitor
     
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
Internal Circulation*
#DIV/0!
1.00
         
1.00
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
          
600 - Indoor Vehicle & Storage
601 - Police Garage
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Police Garage
   
-
     
Impound Garage
   
-
     
Large Evidence
   
-
     
Bicycle Storage
   
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
1,440
        
1,440
       
Internal Circulation
1.00
         
1.00
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
1,440
        
1,440
       
700 - Municipal Court
701 - Municipal Court
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Courtroom
   
-
     
Jury Room/Meeting
   
-
     
Judges Chamber
   
-
     
Holding Area (M/F)
   
-
     
Attorney/Prisoner
     
Security Screening
     
Hallway
   
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
2,000
        
2,000
       
Internal Circulation
1.10
         
1.10
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
2,200
        
2,200
       
702 - Court Office
Number of Spaces
Space Size
Area Allocated
Current
Future
Space Type
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd
Future
Exist
Req'd 2007
Req'd 2032
Court Clerk
Office
   
-
     
Admin Support
Open office
   
-
     
Break room
   
-
     
File storage (note #)
   
-
     
Copy Station/Room
     
-
     
Resource area
     
Public Counter
     
-
     
Subtotal - Net Area
-
     
1,080
       
Internal Circulation
1.15
         
1.15
        
Subtotal - Usable Area
1,070
        
1,240
       
Notes:
Internal Circulation, Existing Space - some existing areas include internal 
circulation, therefore comparison of net/usable ratios is not possible between 
existing and proposed space.
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc.
1/20/2008

3.4.3 - Floor Distribution Options
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
Option A - Two Floors
Main Floor
Upper Floor
Total UA
101 - Senior Administration
1,050
      
1,050
      
102 - Records and Information Services
         
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
         
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
         
203 - Support Units
         
301 - Detective Bureau
         
302 - Youth Bureau
         
303 - Ident & Property
         
401 - Detention Area
         
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
         
501 - Common/Shared Areas
         
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
         
1,390
      
1,590
      
503 - Public Access Areas
         
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
         
601 - Police Garage
1,440
      
1,440
      
Subtotal - Police (Usable Area)
6,640
      
4,350
      
10,990
    
701 - Municipal Court
2,200
      
2,200
      
702 - Court Office
1,240
      
1,240
      
Subtotal - Court (Usable Area)
3,440
      
-
         
3,440
      
Total Usable Area
10,080
    
4,350
      
14,430
    
Grossing Factor
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
Total Gross Floor Area
12,600
    
5,400
      
18,000
    
Diagrammatic Section
Option B - Two Floors
Main Floor
Upper Floor
Total UA
101 - Senior Administration
1,050
      
1,050
      
102 - Records and Information Services
         
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
         
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
         
203 - Support Units
         
301 - Detective Bureau
         
302 - Youth Bureau
         
303 - Ident & Property
         
401 - Detention Area
         
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
         
501 - Common/Shared Areas
         
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
         
1,390
      
1,590
      
503 - Public Access Areas
         
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
         
601 - Police Garage
1,440
      
1,440
      
Subtotal - Police (Usable Area)
7,610
      
3,380
      
10,990
    
701 - Municipal Court
2,200
      
2,200
      
702 - Court Office
1,240
      
1,240
      
Subtotal - Court (Usable Area)
3,440
      
3,440
      
Total Usable Area
7,610
      
6,820
      
14,430
    
Grossing Factor
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
Total Gross Floor Area
9,500
      
8,500
      
18,000
    
Diagrammatic Section
2 Floors - Public, Staff & 
Vehicle access at main floor 
level. Court on upper floor.
8,500
                     
9,500
                     
The floor distribution tables above represent a number of possible ways in which functions could be arranged by floor. Other configurations may be 
possible to meet specific site factors and/or internal planning considerations.
2 Floors - Public, Staff, Court 
& Vehicle access at main 
floor level.
5,400
            
12,600
                            
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc. 
1/20/2008

3.4.3 - Floor Distribution Options
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Court
Revision 3 - December 6, 2007
Option C - Three Floors
Lower Floor
Main Floor
Upper Floor
Total UA
101 - Senior Administration
1,050
      
1,050
      
102 - Records and Information Services
         
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
         
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
         
203 - Support Units
         
301 - Detective Bureau
         
302 - Youth Bureau
         
303 - Ident & Property
         
401 - Detention Area
         
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
         
501 - Common/Shared Areas
         
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
1,190
      
1,590
      
503 - Public Access Areas
         
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
         
601 - Police Garage
1,440
      
1,440
      
Subtotal - Police (Usable Area)
2,160
      
6,190
      
2,640
      
10,990
    
701 - Municipal Court
2,200
      
2,200
      
702 - Court Office
1,240
      
1,240
      
Subtotal - Court (Usable Area)
-
         
3,440
      
-
         
3,440
      
Total Usable Area
2,160
      
9,630
      
2,640
      
14,430
    
Grossing Factor
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
L
Total Gross Floor Area
2,700
      
12,000
    
3,300
      
18,000
    
Diagrammatic Section
Option D - Three Floors
Lower Floor
Main Floor
Upper Floor
Total UA
101 - Senior Administration
1,050
      
1,050
      
102 - Records and Information Services
         
201 - Patrol & Operational Units
         
202 - Front Desk/Dispatch
         
203 - Support Units
         
301 - Detective Bureau
         
302 - Youth Bureau
         
303 - Ident & Property
         
401 - Detention Area
         
402 - Prisoner Sallyport
         
501 - Common/Shared Areas
         
502 - Lockers and Washrooms
1,190
      
1,590
      
503 - Public Access Areas
         
504 - Common Service & Storage Areas
         
601 - Police Garage
1,440
      
1,440
      
Subtotal - Police (Usable Area)
5,380
      
2,970
      
2,640
      
10,990
    
701 - Municipal Court
2,200
      
2,200
      
702 - Court Office
1,240
      
1,240
      
Subtotal - Court (Usable Area)
-
         
3,440
      
-
         
3,440
      
Total Usable Area
5,380
      
6,410
      
2,640
      
14,430
    
Grossing Factor
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
1.25
        
L
Total Gross Floor Area
6,700
      
8,000
      
3,300
      
18,000
    
Diagrammatic Section
The floor distribution tables above represent a number of possible ways in which functions could be arranged by floor. Other configurations may be 
possible to meet specific site factors and/or internal planning considerations.
6,700
             
3,300
            
12,000
                            
2,700
            
8,000
                     
3,300
             
3 Floors - Public, Staff, Court 
& Vehicle access at main 
floor level.
3 Floors - Public, Staff & 
Court access at main floor 
level. Vehicle (& Detention) 
access at lower level.
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc. 
1/20/2008

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 4 – Development & Location Options 
 
4.1 – Development Options 
 
4.1.1 – Development Options 
 
Two options were discussed and evaluated during this study: 
 
1. 
Construction of a new police/court facility on another property – leaving the vacated space in the 
Village Hall for renovation into a community centre and additional space for the historical society. 
2. 
Improving the current layout within the Village hall to address accessibility, security, circulation and 
proximity issues, and space shortages. 
 
Given the layout and configuration of the current village hall and its main circulation corridors there appears 
to be no way to reconfigure the first and second floors in a suitable manner. Option 2 above was not 
considered feasible. 
 
4.2 – Location Considerations 
 
4.2.1 – Location Considerations 
 
The Croton-on-Hudson Police Department has traditionally and will continue to play an important role in life 
and business in the Village. Maintaining police operations and the court in or close to the village core has 
advantages of a central, accessible police presence, court and proximity to Village offices. 
 
Accommodating future police and court space requirements at the current Village Hall location is not 
feasible: 
 
• 
There is no additional space available in the current building, and it’s layout and structure is not 
suitable for renovation or adaptation 
• 
There is insufficient parking for current needs, and no room for growth 
• 
Moving police and court functions to another location would allow vacated space within the Village 
Hall to be converted to use as a community center or other village use. 
 
Potential Locations 
 
A. 
Existing Village Hall, Police Department & Municipal Court 
B. 
Maple Street & Municipal Place (Katz Property) 
C. 
S. Riverside Avenue & Municipal Place (Skate Park) 
D. S. Riverside Avenue & Oneida Avenue (Riverside Four, see note below) 
 
The Riverside Four property only includes the restaurant property, and as such would be too small to 
accommodate a new police/court building. The only potential solution at that location would be to develop 
all four properties noted as 60 through 63, a strategy that was seen as impractical and not financially 
feasible. Two other properties at S. Riverside Avenue, north & south of Benedict Blvd. (Croton Dodge & 
Ronnie’s) were identified but were too small to accommodate a police/court building.

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
 
4.2.2 – Location B – Katz Property (Maple Street/Municipal Place) 
 
Option B shows a new 2-level police/court building on two equal floors (i.e. floor option 2, court on upper 
level). Staff and operational vehicle parking (around 50 spaces) is located on the north side of the building, 
however site configuration makes provision of a second entry/egress point difficult. Public parking (around 
25 spaces) for police and court visitors is located to the south. To accommodate grade differences a 
potentially expensive retaining structure will be required. 
 
• 
Site Area: 
103,000 sq.ft 
+/- 2.36 acres 
 
• 
Building Area: 
Police/Court 
18,000 sq.ft 
 
• 
Staff Parking Provided: 
Police/Court Staff 
approx. 50 spaces 
• 
Public/Visitor Parking: 
Police/Court 
approx. 25 spaces 
 
Benefits & Drawbacks – Option B 
 
• 
2-level plan requires court to be located on 2nd floor, requiring secure stair & elevator access 
• 
Adequate parking for police/court staff & operational vehicles 
• 
Limited public/visitor parking 
• 
Expensive retaining structure required to provide appropriate grading. 
• 
Close to street (security consideration) 
• 
Security concerns due to overlooking buildings to north 
• 
Second emergency vehicle access/egress difficult to achieve 
 
Refer to concept diagram on the following page. 
A 
B 
C 
D 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
4.2.3 – Location C – Skate Park (Riverside Avenue/Municipal Place) 
 
Option C shows a new 2-level police/court building on two equal floors (i.e. floor option 2, court on upper 
level). Staff and operational vehicle parking (around 50 spaces) is located on the north side of the building, 
however site configuration makes provision of a second entry/egress point impossible. Public parking 
(around 25 spaces) for police and court visitors is located to the south.  
 
• 
Site Area: 
67,100 sq.ft 
+/- 1.5 acres 
 
• 
Building Area: 
Police/Court 
18,000 sq.ft 
 
• 
Staff Parking Provided: 
Police/Court Staff 
approx. 46 spaces 
• 
Public/Visitor Parking: 
Police/Court 
approx. 30 spaces 
 
Benefits & Drawbacks – Option C 
 
• 
2-level plan (larger 1st floor) with court on main floor (more secure/convenient public access) 
• 
Parking limited to around 90% of required spaces (police/court/public) 
• 
Close to adjacent street and Route 9 (security consideration) 
• 
No alternate vehicle emergency egress 
• 
Possible nearby parking lot 
 
Refer to concept diagram on the following page. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Recommendations 
 
In our opinion both Options B and C appear feasible at this level of detail and investigation, although both 
have a number of drawbacks. Other planning and configuration options should be explored at the 
conceptual design stage, considering site topography, setbacks, parking and vehicle circulation, site security, 
servicing and other factors. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 5 – Project Costs 
 
5.1 – Project & Construction Costs 
 
5.1.1 – Project Costs 
 
Project costs include the cost of constructing the building, furnishing and equipping it, and a number of ‘soft 
costs’ (consulting fees, permits, surveys, testing, legal costs, taxes, financing, etc.). We have excluded any 
potential costs for environmental cleanup costs, major siteworks or regarding, or any costs associated with 
providing or relocating any utilities or municipal services, or costs to demolish any existing buildings. 
 
At planning stages the project budget should include the estimated costs above, plus contingencies and 
allowances for construction cost escalation, unforeseen conditions and program/design changes. Other 
costs, such as time spent by project representatives (e.g. user representatives, project steering committee) 
during design and construction, moving and associated loss of personnel time, must also be considered.  
 
5.1.2 – Building Construction Costs 
 
Building costs will include all items and finishes normally included in the base building construction contract, 
plus furniture and fittings. This will provide space ready to occupy. The Department will only need to 
provide their own office equipment (copiers, faxes, phone system, communications equipment, etc.). 
 
Typical construction costs for a building of this type in this part of the United States vary from $300 to $400 
per square foot1, plus the cost of furnishings and equipment, site development and services, and may vary 
significantly by geographic location or site topography. This is an average over the whole building – some 
areas will be more expensive (detention area) and some less expensive (garage). A police building is used 
24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and must be durable and easy to maintain to reduce overall lifecycle costs.  
 
Construction and other costs given in this report should be regarded as guidelines only. Actual costs can 
only be determined once more detailed designs have been developed, which is outside the scope of this 
study. Costs could vary significantly depending on final building configuration, number of floors, provision of 
a basement or parking deck, site conditions, market conditions, expected level of construction quality and 
materials, and project delivery method.  
 
Adoption of sustainable design (e.g. LEED) or other energy-saving initiatives may add to the construction 
costs but may result in long-term energy cost savings and other benefits. 
 
5.1.3 – Other Project Costs 
 
Other project-related costs that should be considered when establishing a project budget include: 
 
• 
Architectural & engineering fees 
• 
LEED or other sustainable design measures or strategies 
• 
Construction cost escalation if project is delayed 
• 
Contingencies 
 
Costs which have been excluded from project budget estimates and recommendations in this report: 
 
• 
Land acquisition (not applicable) 
• 
Demolition, site cleanup 
• 
Surveys & testing 
• 
Permits, legal fees, etc.  
• 
Special site conditions resulting in higher-than-anticipated construction costs 
• 
Financing costs 
                                                    
1 Provided by A.M. Fogarty & Associates for new police building construction, ‘above-average’ quality for buildings of 
7,000 to 32,000 square feet. Costs have been escalated to reflect anticipated 2008/2009 construction costs. 

Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
• 
Move & personnel costs 
 
5.1.4 – Recommended Project Budget 
 
An 18,000 square foot police/court building may cost $6.5 million or more to build. Depending on the 
development option selected (refer to the following sections) we would recommend a project budget of 
around $8 million (excluding site acquisition or cleanup costs if contaminated. 
 
Croton-on-Hudson Police Department & Village Court 
Needs Assessment & Accommodation Plan 
 
Final Draft Report 
 
Rebanks Pepper Littlewood – Police Facility Consultants  
The VCA Group, Architects, AIA 
Part 6 – Notes 
 
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Machine-extracted for search and reference — the original PDF is the authoritative version.